Sirtuin activators mimic caloric restriction and delay ageing in metazoans

Caloric restriction extends lifespan in numerous species. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae this effect requires Sir2 (ref. 1), a member of the sirtuin family of NAD+-dependent deacetylases. Sirtuin activating compounds (STACs) can promote the survival of human cells and extend the replicative lifespan of yeast. Here we show that resveratrol and other STACs activate sirtuins from Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster, and extend the lifespan of these animals without reducing fecundity. Lifespan extension is dependent on functional Sir2, and is not observed when nutrients are restricted. Together these data indicate that STACs slow metazoan ageing by mechanisms that may be related to caloric restriction.     

A general model for ontogenetic growth.

Several equations have been proposed to describe ontogenetic growth trajectories for organisms justified primarily on the goodness of fit rather than on any biological mechanism. Here, we derive a general quantitative model based on fundamental principles for the allocation of metabolic energy between maintenance of existing tissue and the production of new biomass. We thus predict the parameters governing growth curves from basic cellular properties and derive a single parameterless universal curve that describes the growth of many diverse species. The model provides the basis for deriving allometric relationships for growth rates and the timing of life history events.     

沥青混合料水稳定性分析

根据沥青混合料的强度形成原理和破坏机理以及沥青混合料与水相互作用机理，着重从集料性质、沥青性质、混合料类型、集料粒径和面层压实层厚度等方面分析了影响沥青混合料水稳定性的因素，提出了应在集料选择、沥青选择、沥青混合料设计、加热与拌和、碾压工艺、环境等方面采取措施来改善沥青混合料的水稳定性。     

基于agent的高速公路救援车辆动态派遣方法

为了解决高速公路网多救援点出救,多种类、多数量救援车辆处置多起交通事故问题,应用agent方法建立了救援车辆动态派遣模型.模型将事故作为任务agent,救援车辆作为资源a-gent,将任务延时损失最小和派遣资源成本最少作为系统性能指标.针对多agent协作性特点及多起事故救援的不确定性,设计了招投标过程,并在积累救援信息、寻求多目标最优解过程中,制定了agent启发式学习过程,获得动态最优解.南京市周边高速公路网救援实例表明,基于agent的救援车辆派遣方法可以动态地获得全局优化的派遣决策方案,验证了方法的可行性和有效性.     

Direct detection of more than 50% of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy mutations by field inversion gels

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked disorder affecting about 1 in 3,500 males. It is allelic with the milder Becker muscular dystrophy. The biochemical basis for both diseases is unknown and no effective treatment is available. Long-range physical mapping has shown that the DMD gene, localized in Xp21, is extremely large, exceeding 2 million base pairs. Until now, carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis has involved the use of linked restriction fragment length polymorphism markers which detect muscular dystrophy-associated deletions in about 10% of the cases. Field inversion gel electrophoresis (FIGE) allows the detection of structural rearrangements in 21 out of 39 of the DMD patients studied (54%), of which 14 (65%) were not detected by conventional methods. Large deletions seem to make up a much higher fraction of the DMD mutations than so far indicated by other methods. A region prone to deletion was located in the distal half of the gene. FIGE analysis could provide a valuable extension of information for carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis. The technique should be generally applicable to the study of diseases involving structural chromosomal rearrangements.     

Nanostructured TiO2（B）:the effect of size and shape on anode properties for Li-ion batteries

Reducing the dimensions of electrode materials from the micron to the nanoscale can have a profound influence on their properties and hence on the performance of electrochemical devices,e.g.Li-ion batteries,that employ such electrodes.TiO2(B) has received growing interest as a possible anode for Li-ion batteries in recent years.It offers the possibility of higher energy storage compared with the commercialized Li4Ti5O12.Bulk,nanowire,nanotube,and nanoparticle morphologies have been prepared and studied.However,to date these materials have not be compared in one article.In the current review we first summarize the different synthesis methods for the preparation of nanostructured TiO2(B);then present the effects of size and shape on the electrochemical properties.Finally TiO2(B) with nanometer dimensions exhibit a higher capacity to store Li,regardless of rate,due to structural distortions inherent at the nanoscale.     

十次幂和问题的解

给出不定方程１０＝ ｙ１０的一组正整数解     

松木屑非等温热解动力学研究

通过热重分析法在不同升温速率(分别为10,30,50℃.min-1)下,采用非恒温热重法,以氩气为载气,流速60 mL.min-1,初温为30℃,加热终温为950℃.对粒径为80目的松木屑热裂解时的热失重行为进行了研究.结果表明:松木屑热解分为四个阶段,主要由预热干燥阶段、热解预热阶段、热分解阶段和热缩聚阶段4个阶段组成;生物质松木屑主反应阶段主要集中在180～600℃左右;随着升温速率的增大,松木屑原料热解的起始温度、热解最大速率所在的温度Tmax及热解终止温度都向高温处稍微移动.使用了Flynn-Wall-Ozawa积分法、Coats-Redfern积分法和Achar微分法对松木屑热解动力学参数进行求取,Flynn-Wall-Ozawa积分法得到的松木屑在热解过程中不同失重率下(0.1～0.80)的活化能都集中在142.35～220.12 kJ.mol-1范围内.按照Bagchi法对松木屑热裂解过程的最概然机理函数进行了推断.松木屑热裂解的最概然机理函数为15号机理函数随机成核和随后生长,反应级数n=2(Code:AE2),函数名称是Avrami-Erofeev方程.     

多重分形去趋势波动分析的振动信号故障诊断

针对基于配分函数的多重分形分析不利于局部标度特性突显的问题,把多重分形去趋势波动分析(MF-DFA)方法引入到振动诊断领域,提出对振动信号进行多重分形谱参数(|B|,α0,Δα和Δf)故障特征分析,并将α0用于故障诊断.首先分析了振动信号的多重分形特性;然后提取振动信号的4种多重分形谱参数特征,并进行了比较;最后用支持向量机算法实现振动故障诊断.研究表明:去除趋势后,振动信号的波动呈现显著多重分形特征,正常状态振动信号的α0明显大于故障状态,而振动信号的|B|,Δα和Δf特征变化规律则不明显;α0作为故障特征量,能有效地区分正常状态与故障状态,有效实现了振动故障诊断.     

基于关联规则的用户频繁访问模式研究

Web挖掘是将数据挖掘和WWW两个领域中的多种技术和方法结合起来的热门研究课题.它的研究领域包括Web内容挖掘、Web结构挖掘和Web使用挖掘.关联规则算法已成为数据挖掘算法中的重要课题.通过对关联规则挖掘算法进行分析,指出了该算法存在的一些问题,并提出了一种用户频繁访问模式结构.