艺术职业学院计算机基础课程的教与学

文章阐述了进行计算机基础课程教学的基础是确立系统的教学观，进行计算机基础课程的关键是培养学生的创造力和创新精神，巩固计算机基础课程教学成果的重要手段是指导学生自学。     

Context-dependent contributions of backbone hydrogen bonding to beta-sheet folding energetics

Backbone hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) are prominent features of protein structures; however, their role in protein folding remains controversial because they cannot be selectively perturbed by traditional methods of protein mutagenesis. Here we have assessed the contribution of backbone H-bonds to the folding kinetics and thermodynamics of the PIN WW domain, a small beta-sheet protein, by individually replacing its backbone amides with esters. Amide-to-ester mutations site-specifically perturb backbone H-bonds in two ways: a H-bond donor is eliminated by replacing an amide NH with an ester oxygen, and a H-bond acceptor is weakened by replacing an amide carbonyl with an ester carbonyl. We perturbed the 11 backbone H-bonds of the PIN WW domain by synthesizing 19 amide-to-ester mutants. Thermodynamic studies on these variants show that the protein is most destabilized when H-bonds that are enveloped by a hydrophobic cluster are perturbed. Kinetic studies indicate that native-like secondary structure forms in one of the protein's loops in the folding transition state, but the backbone is less ordered elsewhere in the sequence. Collectively, our results provide an unusually detailed picture of the folding of a beta-sheet protein.     

Regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses by MAP kinase phosphatase 5

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases are essential regulators in immune responses, and their activities are modulated by kinases and phosphatases. MAP kinase phosphatase (MKP) is a family of dual-specificity phosphatases whose function is evolutionarily conserved. A number of mammalian MKPs have been identified so far, but their specific physiological functions in negative regulation of MAP kinases have not been genetically defined. Here we examine innate and adaptive immune responses in the absence of MKP5. JNK activity was selectively increased in Mkp5 (also known as Dusp10)-deficient mouse cells. Mkp5-deficient cells produced greatly enhanced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines during innate immune responses and exhibited greater T-cell activation than their wild-type counterparts. However, Mkp5-deficient T cells proliferated poorly upon activation, which resulted in increased resistance to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. By contrast, Mkp5-deficient CD4(+) and CD8(+) effector T cells produced significantly increased levels of cytokines compared with wild-type cells, which led to much more robust and rapidly fatal immune responses to secondary infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Therefore, MKP5 has a principal function in both innate and adaptive immune responses, and represents a novel target for therapeutic intervention of immune diseases.     

Melting of iron at the physical conditions of the Earth's core

Seismological data can yield physical properties of the Earth's core, such as its size and seismic anisotropy. A well-constrained iron phase diagram, however, is essential to determine the temperatures at core boundaries and the crystal structure of the solid inner core. To date, the iron phase diagram at high pressure has been investigated experimentally through both laser-heated diamond-anvil cell and shock-compression techniques, as well as through theoretical calculations. Despite these contributions, a consensus on the melt line or the high-pressure, high-temperature phase of iron is lacking. Here we report new and re-analysed sound velocity measurements of shock-compressed iron at Earth-core conditions. We show that melting starts at 225 +/- 3 GPa (5,100 +/- 500 K) and is complete at 260 +/- 3 GPa (6,100 +/- 500 K), both on the Hugoniot curve-the locus of shock-compressed states. This new melting pressure is lower than previously reported, and we find no evidence for a previously reported solid-solid phase transition on the Hugoniot curve near 200 GPa (ref. 16).     

我国城市化中期应处理好的几个关系

目前我国正处于城市化中期阶段或加速阶段,随着城市化进程的快速推进,经济、社会、人口结构的剧变,必将给我国带来巨大的压力和挑战。因此,在城市化进程中,必须正确处理城市化与耕地保护、城市化与保护环境、城市化与农民利益保护的关系,才能促进城市化的健康发展。     

关于高校科研管理的思考

科学技术在国家经济的发展中占有极其重要的位置,世界各国综合国力的竞争,关键在于科学技术实力的竞争。世界范围内科学技术的发展迅猛异常,日新月异,我国面临着激烈的挑战和竞争,为此必须进一步强化科学技术管理,不失时机地赶超世界科技发展潮流。     

论我国公民体育权利实现的法律保障

通过对我国公民体育权利保护立法现状的分析,找出当前我国公民体育权利实现中存在的法律问题,并对加强和完善我国公民体育权利实现的法律保障提出对策性研究。     

黑河流域张掖段不同主体功能区水环境承载力评价

水环境承载能力是地区经济发展和生态环境保护的关键因素,为精准查明张掖市水环境承载力状况,基于各区县主体功能定位,从水资源、排放强度、水环境质量和水生态4个维度选取合理指标,构建了复合型水环境承载力评价指标体系,利用层次分析法和综合指数法评价了2018-2020年各区县水环境承载力,结果表明：2018年各区县评价指数介于63.9-79.4,民乐县和高台县为临界超载,其他县区不超载;2019年评价指数介于63.2-86.9,临泽县、民乐县和高台县为临界超载,其他县区不超载;2020年评价指数介于70.6-88.6,六县区均处于不超载状态,总体张掖市的水环境承载能力现状良好,且逐年提升。但临泽县、山丹县、民乐县和高台县刚脱离“临界超载”,“不超载”状态优势不存在,仍有较大提升空间。不同功能区4个指标对水环境承载力的影响程度排序情况有所差别,可依据评价结果提供的主要影响指标或压力指标信息,针对性采取改善提升不同功能区水环境承载力的措施。