Hyperventilation and inhibitory synapses.

Injection of a subconvulsive dose of strychnine (which blocked the inhibitory synapses) increases respiratory muscle activity evoked by stimulation of a sciatic nerve as well as by inhalation of hypercapnic gas mixture. Thus the inhibitory synapses prevent an excessive hyperventilation.     

行业集团集成化管理信息系统的研究

以黑龙江省烟草专卖忆集成化管理信息系统为背景，提出了行业集团集成化管理信息系统的应用集成，方法集成，模型模式的研究方法以及行业集成化管理信息系统实施案例。     

微博类社交网络中信息传播的测量与分析

为了更好地掌握在线社交网络中信息传播的特征规律和用户行为,以新浪微博为代表对社交网络中的信息传播进行了较大规模的测量、统计和分析,提出了一种三角和算法用于探测用户粉丝数阈值。该算法根据散点分布的统计规律来估计使微博热度达到某一值的粉丝数的临界值,发现为使微博热度大于10,用户粉丝数应大于150。其他测量分析结果表明:新浪微博具有很强的"名人效应",用户频繁地发帖并不能引起较大的关注,热门微博的热度几乎都以激增方式增长。这些结论对网络营销和网络监管具有参考价值。     

The effect of γ-irradiation on the amount of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the gut and spleen in the early phase after irradiation

Résumé 24 et 48 h après irradiation- (900 r) la quantité de 5-hydroxytryptamine dans l'intestin du rat n'a pas changé de manière significative. La quantité de 5-hydroxytryptamine dans la rate du rat, exprimée par g de tissu frais a augmenté. Le prétraitement avec de la cystéamine abaisse nettement la quantité de 5-hydroxytryptamine dans la rate, après l'irradiation.     

Artificial lung ventilation during diaphragmatic paralysis

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Strategies for improving ductility of ordered intermetallics

Ordered intermetallics possess attractive high-temperature properties; however, low ductility and brittle fracture limit their use as engineering materials in many cases. This paper provides a comprehensive review on the recent progress in the development of ductile ordered intermetallics and summarizes the strategies used to improve the tensile ductility of ordered intermetallics, including control of ordered crystal structures, engineering grain-boundary structure and chemistry, eliminating environmental embrittlement, microstructure optimization, control of phase stability, and promoting transformation-/twining-induced plasticity. The basic ideas and related mechanisms underlying these ductilizing strategies are discussed. In addition, a brief mention of the current use of intermetallic alloys for structural and corrosion applications is made.     

Snapshots of nuclear pore complexes in action captured by cryo-electron tomography

Nuclear pore complexes reside in the nuclear envelope of eukaryotic cells and mediate the nucleocytoplasmic exchange of macromolecules. Traffic is regulated by mobile transport receptors that target their cargo to the central translocation channel, where phenylalanine-glycine-rich repeats serve as binding sites. The structural analysis of the nuclear pore is a formidable challenge given its size, its location in a membranous environment and its dynamic nature. Here we have used cryo-electron tomography to study the structure of nuclear pore complexes in their functional environment, that is, in intact nuclei of Dictyostelium discoideum. A new image-processing strategy compensating for deviations of the asymmetric units (protomers) from a perfect eight-fold symmetry enabled us to refine the structure and to identify new features. Furthermore, the superposition of a large number of tomograms taken in the presence of cargo, which was rendered visible by gold nanoparticles, has yielded a map outlining the trajectories of import cargo. Finally, we have performed single-molecule Monte Carlo simulations of nuclear import to interpret the experimentally observed cargo distribution in the light of existing models for nuclear import.     

GEO航天器表面充电效应及电流分布特性分析

处于复杂等离子体环境的地球同步轨道中的航天器,由于表面材料与空间等离子体相互作用,将使航天器表面出现充电效应,最终导致静电放电现象继而影响航天器电子设备的正常运行以及热控材料的性能.基于欧洲航天局开发的航天器表面充电仿真软件,模拟了服从双麦克斯韦分布的等离子体中地球同步轨道航天器的表面充电情况;计算分析了航天器各部位表面总电流的变化情况以及各粒子电流在充电过程中的作用,并给出了航天器各部位的表面电势分布,以及航天器充电过程中空间电势分布对充电效应的影响.     

Turning points in the evolution of peroxidase–catalase superfamily: molecular phylogeny of hybrid heme peroxidases

Heme peroxidases and catalases are key enzymes of hydrogen peroxide metabolism and signaling. Here, the reconstruction of the molecular evolution of the peroxidase–catalase superfamily (annotated in pfam as PF00141) based on experimentally verified as well as numerous newly available genomic sequences is presented. The robust phylogenetic tree of this large enzyme superfamily was obtained from 490 full-length protein sequences. Besides already well-known families of heme b peroxidases arranged in three main structural classes, completely new (hybrid type) peroxidase families are described being located at the border of these classes as well as forming (so far missing) links between them. Hybrid-type A peroxidases represent a minor eukaryotic subfamily from Excavates, Stramenopiles and Rhizaria sharing enzymatic and structural features of ascorbate and cytochrome c peroxidases. Hybrid-type B peroxidases are shown to be spread exclusively among various fungi and evolved in parallel with peroxidases in land plants. In some ascomycetous hybrid-type B peroxidases, the peroxidase domain is fused to a carbohydrate binding (WSC) domain. Both here described hybrid-type peroxidase families represent important turning points in the complex evolution of the whole peroxidase–catalase superfamily. We present and discuss their phylogeny, sequence signatures and putative biological function.     

Winter stoneflies (Plecoptera) of New Mexico

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} Twenty-two species of winter emerging Plecoptera were collected in New Mexico from 1979 to 1982. Distributional records are given for 13 that are new state records, including 2 new species, and 9 previously reported species.