Oberflächenspannung und Schallgeschwindigkeit

Summary The preceding empirical relation was found between the surface tension of liquids, the specific weight of liquids, and the velocity of sound:=6.3 · 10^{–4 3/2}. In place of the vèocity of sound can be used, with suitable changes in the equation, the compressibility or, in the case of solid substances, the elasticity of the material in question. The range of validity of this relation is so large that it is possible by means of it to calculate the surface tension of solid substances and of gases.     

Un curare d'une Erythrine africaine

Summary An alcaloid C₁₆H₁₉NO₃ has been isolated fromErythrina tholloniana; the iodohydrate of this erythroidine has a melting point of 225°C and 239°C for its chlorhydrate. It has a powerful curare-like action on the frog or on its isolated sciatic-sartorius preparation; at a concentration of less than 1/1,000,000, a complete neuromuscular block is produced: the electrical stimulation of the motor nerve does not produce any contraction, but the muscle reacts by an end-plate potential having the same characteristics (shape, duration, possibility of summation) as the electrical waves produced in the same preparation curarized by ordinary curare or by quaternary ammonium derivatives. Decurarization by veratrine 1/200,000 is accompanied by the same electrical reactions as those which have been described in preparations treated by curare.On mammals, the alcaloid has little curariform activity; on the isolated phrenic-diaphragm preparation of the rat, incomplete block was produced at a concentration of 1/5000.     

Hemmung des Thiouracilkropfes der Ratte durch synthetischen Vitamin-A-Methyläther

Summary The hyperplasia and hyperaemia of the thyreoidea of rats caused by thiouracil treatment can be largely avoided by simultaneous doses of vitamin-A methylether.     

Der Einfluß der Temperatur auf die Giftwirkung des DDT bei Honigbienen (Apis mellifica L.)

Summary The action of DDT on honey-bees depends to a high extent on the temperature (see graph). At 36°C (breeding temperature) DDT has a far weaker insecticidal action than at 20°C (laboratory temperature). This shows that the insecticidal properties of DDT diminish with the raise of temperature.This resistance to DDT at higher temperature is most propitious for bee-keeping and also explains the fact why in agricultural practice there has been no corroborated case of poisoning of bees, though in laboratory tests DDT avered itself to be toxic to bees.     

Preliminary data on the chromosome cycle ofLycœides idas L.

Riassunto Nella specieLycides idas L. si osservano variazioni numeriche dei cromosomi anche nelle spermatogonie di uno stesso individuo. Questo fatto è posto in relazione con la presenza nelle femmine dei caratteri secondari dei due sessi, come risultato dell'unione tra gameti con assetti sbilanciati.     

Darstellbarkeit doppelbrechender Lipoidtropfen aus dem Urin und pathogenetische Auffassungen der Lipoidurie

Summary (1) No double refractile Iipoid droplets can be obtained by alcohol ether extraction from urine or from urinary protein as it is possible from blood serum.(2) The conclusion is drawn that the double refractile lipoids droplets in urinary sediment do not pass through the glomeruli and therefore are not reabsorbed by the tubuli, but that they come from the own lipoproteins of the epithelial cells of renal tubuli and pass into urine by dissolution and desquamation of these cells.     

La formule chromosomique chez cinq espèces de Chiroptères

Summary Five species ofChiroptera were studied and the following numbers were found:Rhinolophus hipposideros Bechst.N=27;Barbastella barbastellus Schr.N=16;Plecotus auritus L.N=16;Myotis myotis Bork.N=21;Miniopterus schreibersii Kuhl,N=23. Centric fusions occur in the chromosomal evolution ofChiroptera. Sex-chromosomes ofX-Y type.     

Solid-state Synthesis of Carbon-nanostructures

1 Results In addition to single wall and multiwall carbon nanotubes[1], several structures,which are more or less related to fullerenes,including carbon nanohorns[2a], carbon nanospheres[2b] and onion like carbon structures[2c] have been reported.A new simple straight forward method to access some of these structures is the solid-state pyrolysis of different organometallic complexes in a sealed vessel,which led so far to carbon nanotubes[3a,b], carbon nanocables[3c] and onions[3d].     

A New Way of the Skeletal Metals Synthesis

1 Results Strongly disordered metals with the high chemical and catalytic activity are often called as skeletal metals.Usually for their preparation the metallides of d-metal (which afterwards will be left in the “skeleton“) and chemically active component(s) are firstly synthesized.Then the last one(s) is (are) removed by the leaching with aqueous solutions of alkalis or carbonates.However,this method sometime fails,first of all,for the reactions,which should be realized in non-aqueous conditions.In th...     

Applications of Transition Metals in Organic Synthesis and Polymerization

1 Results Classic oxidants require rigorous control of the experimental conditions added with the problem of lack of selectivity. Catalysis by transition metals with environmentally safe oxidants provides synthetic routes to minimize pollution by giving environmental benign by-products. Fe (Ⅵ) is a powerful and a selective oxidant with Fe(Ⅲ) as a by-product, while hydrogen peroxide is clean with water as the only by-product. Separation of sodium or potassium ferrates requires tedious processes. Associat...