首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   1527篇
  免费   7篇
  国内免费   16篇
系统科学   9篇
丛书文集   4篇
教育与普及   31篇
理论与方法论   5篇
现状及发展   722篇
研究方法   76篇
综合类   677篇
自然研究   26篇
  2018年   27篇
  2017年   19篇
  2012年   26篇
  2011年   29篇
  2010年   12篇
  2009年   37篇
  2008年   36篇
  2007年   49篇
  2006年   27篇
  2005年   27篇
  2004年   56篇
  2003年   28篇
  2002年   32篇
  2001年   80篇
  2000年   58篇
  1999年   72篇
  1992年   31篇
  1991年   21篇
  1990年   19篇
  1989年   17篇
  1988年   24篇
  1987年   12篇
  1986年   16篇
  1985年   29篇
  1984年   19篇
  1983年   11篇
  1982年   13篇
  1980年   21篇
  1979年   33篇
  1978年   27篇
  1977年   21篇
  1976年   30篇
  1975年   32篇
  1974年   24篇
  1973年   36篇
  1972年   21篇
  1971年   46篇
  1970年   36篇
  1969年   32篇
  1968年   46篇
  1967年   34篇
  1966年   37篇
  1965年   23篇
  1964年   21篇
  1961年   9篇
  1960年   10篇
  1959年   15篇
  1958年   24篇
  1957年   21篇
  1956年   13篇
排序方式: 共有1550条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
21.
用时域有限差分方法(finite-difference time-domain,FDTD)模拟了有不同局域等离激元共振频率和不同体积的外来金纳米颗粒以及外来介质纳米颗粒与金纳米棒的耦合,研究了正入射条件下与各种颗粒耦合对诱发金棒上纵向等离激元的禁戒模式的不同影响,发现外来颗粒上足够多的电荷积聚造成的电场对称性破缺是诱发禁戒模式的原因.这一发现对理解金属纳米颗粒的近场光学实验探测有重要意义.  相似文献   
22.
我们提出的增强型分片检验可以用于检验一类非齐次阶微分方程的有限元的收敛性.由此,建立了常规轴对称问题和轴对称偶应力/应变梯度C1理论有限元增强型分片检验的检验函数,并得到重要结论:这类轴对称有限元的分片检验函数不含常剪应力项.  相似文献   
23.
24.
前期研究表明, 铁原子对于嗜酸两性菌中硫氧化还原酶(SOR)的活性至关重要. 本研究表明, 2,2′-联吡啶、1,2-二羟基苯-3,5-二磺酸钠、8-羟基喹啉等特异性铁离子螯合剂强烈抑制腾冲嗜酸两性菌SOR酶活性, 进一步表明铁原子是SOR酶活必需. 对目前基因组数据库中的SOR基因或者SOR类似基因进行序列比对, 发现了一个潜在的铁原子结合模体(H86-X3- H90-Xn-E114-Xn-E129). 据此, 本研究采用定点突变技术, 将氨基酸残基H86, H90和E129分别突变为苯丙氨酸或者丙氨酸, 圆二色光谱测定发现突变体(H86F, H90F和E129A)的二级结构没有明显改变, 但是这3个突变体全部丧失了酶活性. 突变体蛋白中铁原子含量测定结果表明, 3个突变体全部或者部分丢失了铁原子, 而之前研究中获得的3个半胱氨酸突变体(完全丧失了酶活)铁原子含量没有变化. 根据本研究并结合前期实验结果可知, SOR分子中模体C31-Xn-C101-X2-C104是底物硫分子活化区域; 而模体H86-X3-H90-X23-E114-X14-(E/D)129是SOR分子中铁原子的结合区域, 与铁原子结合形成一个非卟啉铁中心, 是SOR的氧化还原中心; 这两个区域均是SOR酶活性的必需部分.  相似文献   
25.
郑鹭杰  屠娟  陈伟中 《科学通报》2009,54(12):1681-1686
基于包膜造影剂气泡的实际应用, 在传统的三层模型基础上提出了一个修正的动力学模型来描绘包膜气泡的动力学行为. 通过衔接三层模型中包膜的两个边界条件, 得到一个两层模型并简化了方程的结构. 为了使动力平衡更加准确, 在建立边界条件时考虑了包膜质量, 并将包膜层厚度与气泡半径的关系具体化. 更为重要的是, 我们对绝大多数文献中的表面张力系数不变的假设进行了修正, 认为其随半径变化呈非线性变化, 且通过数值计算对表面张力系数修正带来的变化进行了讨论. 此外, 我们应用本文模型对实验得到的Optison及Sonozoid微气泡的动力学曲线进行了拟合, 并与其他经典模型的拟合结果进行了比较, 结论证明了本文模型具有很好的适用性.  相似文献   
26.
东方龙虱鞘翅:形态学及力学性能研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
杨志贤  戴振东  郭策 《科学通报》2009,54(12):1767-1772
研究了东方龙虱鞘翅的拓扑结构及其鞘翅生物材料的力学性能. SEM观测表明鞘翅横向截面和纵向截面结构相同, 是一种具 “桥墩” 状连接的空腔轻质结构, 由致密的黑色外表皮层和其下数十层几丁质纤维层平行、螺旋交织构成的内表皮层组成; 纳米压痕仪测得新鲜鞘翅外侧区域的硬度和弹性模量分别为0.31和6.13 GPa; 拉伸实验得到新鲜鞘翅横向和纵向的强度极限分别为169.2和194.5 MPa; 干燥鞘翅对应的强度极限为85.38和90.91 MPa, 新鲜鞘翅的强度是干燥鞘翅值的2倍; 结果表明甲虫鞘翅是一种力学性能呈现拓扑分布规律的轻质生物复合材料, 该研究为航空航天材料的轻质结构的设计提供了生物学的参考.  相似文献   
27.
On-chip natural assembly of silicon photonic bandgap crystals.   总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20  
Y A Vlasov  X Z Bo  J C Sturm  D J Norris 《Nature》2001,414(6861):289-293
Photonic bandgap crystals can reflect light for any direction of propagation in specific wavelength ranges. This property, which can be used to confine, manipulate and guide photons, should allow the creation of all-optical integrated circuits. To achieve this goal, conventional semiconductor nanofabrication techniques have been adapted to make photonic crystals. A potentially simpler and cheaper approach for creating three-dimensional periodic structures is the natural assembly of colloidal microspheres. However, this approach yields irregular, polycrystalline photonic crystals that are difficult to incorporate into a device. More importantly, it leads to many structural defects that can destroy the photonic bandgap. Here we show that by assembling a thin layer of colloidal spheres on a silicon substrate, we can obtain planar, single-crystalline silicon photonic crystals that have defect densities sufficiently low that the bandgap survives. As expected from theory, we observe unity reflectance in two crystalline directions of our photonic crystals around a wavelength of 1.3 micrometres. We also show that additional fabrication steps, intentional doping and patterning, can be performed, so demonstrating the potential for specific device applications.  相似文献   
28.
Programmable and autonomous computing machine made of biomolecules.   总被引:42,自引:0,他引:42  
Y Benenson  T Paz-Elizur  R Adar  E Keinan  Z Livneh  E Shapiro 《Nature》2001,414(6862):430-434
Devices that convert information from one form into another according to a definite procedure are known as automata. One such hypothetical device is the universal Turing machine, which stimulated work leading to the development of modern computers. The Turing machine and its special cases, including finite automata, operate by scanning a data tape, whose striking analogy to information-encoding biopolymers inspired several designs for molecular DNA computers. Laboratory-scale computing using DNA and human-assisted protocols has been demonstrated, but the realization of computing devices operating autonomously on the molecular scale remains rare. Here we describe a programmable finite automaton comprising DNA and DNA-manipulating enzymes that solves computational problems autonomously. The automaton's hardware consists of a restriction nuclease and ligase, the software and input are encoded by double-stranded DNA, and programming amounts to choosing appropriate software molecules. Upon mixing solutions containing these components, the automaton processes the input molecule via a cascade of restriction, hybridization and ligation cycles, producing a detectable output molecule that encodes the automaton's final state, and thus the computational result. In our implementation 1012 automata sharing the same software run independently and in parallel on inputs (which could, in principle, be distinct) in 120 microl solution at room temperature at a combined rate of 109 transitions per second with a transition fidelity greater than 99.8%, consuming less than 10-10 W.  相似文献   
29.
Superconductivity in CaCuO2 as a result of field-effect doping.   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Understanding the doping mechanisms in the simplest superconducting copper oxide-the infinite-layer compound ACuO2 (where A is an alkaline earth metal)-is an excellent way of investigating the pairing mechanism in high-transition-temperature (high-Tc) superconductors more generally. Gate-induced modulation of the carrier concentration to obtain superconductivity is a powerful means of achieving such understanding: it minimizes the effects of potential scattering by impurities, and of structural modifications arising from chemical dopants. Here we report the transport properties of thin films of the infinite-layer compound CaCuO2 using field-effect doping. At high hole- and electron-doping levels, superconductivity is induced in the nominally insulating material. Maximum values of Tc of 89 K and 34 K are observed respectively for hole- and electron-type doping of around 0.15 charge carriers per CuO2. We can explore the whole doping diagram of the CuO2 plane while changing only a single electric parameter, the gate voltage.  相似文献   
30.
Nests of Schneider’s dwarf caiman, Paleosuchus trigonatus, were located in the forests around three streams that drain into the Xingu River, Brazilian Amazonia, in October 2014. Camera traps were installed at the edge of four nests to document predators and female parental care. At two nests, females unsuccessfully defended their nests against one or more giant armadillos, Priodontes maximus, and nine-banded armadillos, Dasypus novemcinctus. Both armadillo species responded to the attack by fleeing and returning on the opposite side of the nest by going around the tree under which the nest was located. Giant armadillos have never before been recorded consuming caiman eggs and their diet has been described as consisting mostly of ants and termites. Another species of armadillo, Cabassous unicinctus, was also registered digging into a nest and probably consuming eggs, though it is generally considered to be primarily insectivorous. A tayra (Eira barbara), lizard (Tupinambis teguixin) and coati (Nasua nasua) were also registered taking eggs from nests during the day, but we obtained no registers of nest defence by caimans during the day. The three nests were attacked after 60 days of incubation, when the eggs were well developed.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号