In vitro reactivation of anaphase spindle elongation using isolated diatom spindles

A key step for analysing the mechanochemistry of mitosis would be the isolation of a functional spindle capable of anaphase chromosome movement in vitro. Although Mazia and Dan first isolated spindles in 1952, with one or two possible exceptions, isolated spindles are non-functional. An alternative approach has used permeabilized cells to study anaphase chromosome movement, but these preparations are biochemically and morphologically complex, and hence difficult to analyse. We describe here a simple procedure for isolating diatom spindles which are capable of anaphase spindle elongation in vitro. With addition of ATP, the two half-spindles slide completely apart, with concomitant decrease in the zone of overlap. Electron microscopy reveals decreased numbers of microtubules throughout the spindle after ATP addition and confirms the complete absence of structures beyond the spindle poles. These results are inconsistent with theoretical models of mitosis which suggest that spindle poles are pushed apart by microtubule growth, are pulled apart by external forces applied to the poles, or are released from tension generated during spindle formation. The results are consitent with models that postulate mechanical interactions in the zone of microtubule overlap as a factor in spindle elongation.     

Thiarubrine A, a bioactive constituent of Aspilia (Asteraceae) consumed by wild chimpanzees

Two African species of Aspilia (Asteraceae), which are used medicinally by man and which are eaten by wild chimpanzees in an unusual manner, were found to contain the potent antibiotic thiarubrine A as a major leaf phytochemical. Its presence in leaf material strengthens the view that the feeding behavior of wild chimpanzees is related to special physiological or pharmacological effects on the animals.     

On the Construction of Mohr Stress Circle and a Graphic Method in Representing the Stress Components on Different Oblique Planes

The Mohr stress circle for three-dimensional stress is usually determined by equations,which is lack of intuitionistic meanings and difficult to understand. In this paper, the construction of Mohr stress circle is illustrated directly by numerical method. The shortcoming of Mohr stress circle in representing the stress components on different oblique planes for three-dimensional stress is analyzed. A three-dimensional figure is given to describe the variation of normal and shear stress on different oblique planes at one point for the first time.     

添加剂对AN多变晶型影响研究

本文运用热分析的方法对四十余种无机、有机添加剂和几种表面活性剂及水分对硝酸铵(AN)晶型转变的影响进行了研究。结果表明这些添加剂对AN的影响应为多种因素的综合结果。     

A model for interfacial activation in lipases from the structure of a fungal lipase-inhibitor complex

Lipases are hydrolytic enzymes which break down triacylglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerols. They have been classified as serine hydrolases owing to their inhibition by diethyl p-nitrophenyl phosphate. Lipase activity is greatly increased at the lipid-water interface, a phenomenon known as interfacial activation. X-ray analysis has revealed the atomic structures of two triacylglycerol lipases, unrelated in sequence: the human pancreatic lipase (hPL)4, and an enzyme isolated from the fungus Rhizomucor (formerly Mucor) miehei (RmL). In both enzymes the active centres contain structurally analogous Asp-His-Ser triads (characteristic of serine proteinases), which are buried completely beneath a short helical segment, or 'lid'. Here we present the crystal structure (at 3 A resolution) of a complex of R. miehei lipase with n-hexylphosphonate ethyl ester in which the enzyme's active site is exposed by the movement of the helical lid. This movement also increases the nonpolarity of the surface surrounding the catalytic site. We propose that the structure of the enzyme in this complex is equivalent to the activated state generated by the oil-water interface.     

稀土Eu掺杂ZnO纳米棒的水热合成及其光学性质

采用水热法合成了稀土Eu掺杂ZnO纳米棒材料,研究了稀土Eu掺杂浓度对ZnO材料的结构、形貌和光学性能的影响。研究表明,Eu3+成功掺入到ZnO中,材料呈现纳米棒状结构且直径为15-25 nm。Eu的掺杂对ZnO材料的结晶质量和光学性能有明显的影响,随着Eu掺杂浓度的增加,ZnO材料的结晶质量明显下降,认为是杂质Eu的引入导致材料缺陷增加所致,而缺陷的改变引起ZnO材料的Eu3+红色特征发光峰增强。另外,随着Eu掺入到ZnO中,紫外峰峰位发生明显的红移现象,认为与引入新的Eu杂质能级有关。     

Ce-MCM-41分子筛催化臭氧氧化水中腐殖酸

采用水热法合成铈掺杂MCM-41（Ce-MCM-41）介孔分子筛,并将其用于臭氧氧化水中腐殖酸.本文研究了催化剂投加量、铈掺杂量、反应温度和初始pH对腐殖酸降解及矿化的影响. 结果表明,腐殖酸在Ce-MCM-41/O3体系内可实现有效降解. 与单独臭氧氧化相比,Ce-MCM-41催化剂的加入可提高臭氧氧化腐殖酸的矿化效果. 催化剂投加量为100 mg/L时,催化剂具有较好的催化活性,反应60min,DOC去除率为70.58%（Si/Ce=80）;三种铈掺杂量催化剂的添加均能提高腐殖酸矿化效果. 在278 ~308 K实验范围内,腐殖酸溶液的DOC去除率和UV254去除率均随反应温度升高而提高.溶液初始pH为6.0~8.5时,DOC去除率随碱性增强而略微下降. 表明温度和溶液初始pH影响催化臭氧氧化去除腐殖酸的效果. 此外,还考察了添加Ce-MCM-41对含溴水臭氧氧化过程中溴酸盐生成的影响,与单独臭氧相比,1.00 g Ce-MCM-41分子筛的加入减少了46.94%溴酸盐生成. 结果表明添加Ce-MCM-41分子筛可抑制溴酸盐的生成. 因此Ce-MCM-41分子筛可用于提高臭氧氧化腐殖酸效果和减少含溴水臭氧氧化过程中溴酸盐的生成.     

室温低功率紫外光辐照法制备聚苯乙烯微球

以偶氮二异丁腈（AIBN）为光引发剂,甲醇为溶剂,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮 (PVP)为稳定剂,通过抽真空取代氮气保护,利用8 W 365nm波长的紫外灯光照,环境温度下引发分散聚合制备聚苯乙烯微球。这种真空状态下的聚合只适合于光聚合,当紫外光照射反应体系时,AIBN将吸收光子使C-N键断裂而形成自由基,进一步引发苯乙烯单体聚合。研究表明引发剂、稳定剂和单体用量以及光强度和反应时间对微球尺寸和单分散性有规律性影响,适当调节这些参数可获得一定尺寸和单分散度的微球,例如溶剂与单体的比值3:1,引发剂与稳定剂的比为3:1,光照时间为24 h,光照强度为（0.71 mW/cm2）时可获得一定尺寸的单分散性较好的微球。这种方法成本低廉、操作简便、具有一定的普适性,可适用于其它聚合物微球和功能化有机-无机复合微球的制备,例如PMMA、PMAA微球及P(MMA-co-MAA)共聚微球等。     

一种喹啉类Zn2+荧光比率型探针

以8-氨基喹啉为母体,设计并合成一种Zn2+比率型荧光探针,通过核磁、质谱表征其结构,并利用荧光光谱、紫外-可见吸收光谱等研究了探针的识别性能.结果表明,该探针在pH为4.0~9.5条件下均能有效识别Zn2+,尤其在pH 7.4的生理条件下具有最优的识别能力.探针与Zn2+能形成结合比为1:1的稳定络合物且灵敏度高、选择性强、响应迅速,因此该荧光探针具有在生物及环境等领域有效检测Zn2+的潜力.