Quantum critical behaviour in a high-T(c) superconductor

Quantum criticality is associated with a system composed of a nearly infinite number of interacting quantum degrees of freedom at zero temperature, and it implies that the system looks on average the same regardless of the time- and length scale on which it is observed. Electrons on the atomic scale do not exhibit such symmetry, which can only be generated as a collective phenomenon through the interactions between a large number of electrons. In materials with strong electron correlations a quantum phase transition at zero temperature can occur, and a quantum critical state has been predicted, which manifests itself through universal power-law behaviours of the response functions. Candidates have been found both in heavy-fermion systems and in the high-transition temperature (high-T(c)) copper oxide superconductors, but the reality and the physical nature of such a phase transition are still debated. Here we report a universal behaviour that is characteristic of the quantum critical region. We demonstrate that the experimentally measured phase angle agrees precisely with the exponent of the optical conductivity. This points towards a quantum phase transition of an unconventional kind in the high-T(c) superconductors.     

Abrupt onset of a second energy gap at the superconducting transition of underdoped Bi2212

The superconducting gap--an energy scale tied to the superconducting phenomena--opens on the Fermi surface at the superconducting transition temperature (T(c)) in conventional BCS superconductors. In underdoped high-T(c) superconducting copper oxides, a pseudogap (whose relation to the superconducting gap remains a mystery) develops well above T(c) (refs 1, 2). Whether the pseudogap is a distinct phenomenon or the incoherent continuation of the superconducting gap above T(c) is one of the central questions in high-T(c) research. Although some experimental evidence suggests that the two gaps are distinct, this issue is still under intense debate. A crucial piece of evidence to firmly establish this two-gap picture is still missing: a direct and unambiguous observation of a single-particle gap tied to the superconducting transition as function of temperature. Here we report the discovery of such an energy gap in underdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta in the momentum space region overlooked in previous measurements. Near the diagonal of Cu-O bond direction (nodal direction), we found a gap that opens at T(c) and has a canonical (BCS-like) temperature dependence accompanied by the appearance of the so-called Bogoliubov quasi-particles, a classical signature of superconductivity. This is in sharp contrast to the pseudogap near the Cu-O bond direction (antinodal region) measured in earlier experiments.     

硼钛复合纤维拉伸曲线分析

研究了硼钛复合纤维在拉伸过程中的行为，结果表明：复合纤维的变形是由纤维的弹性应变与基体的弹塑性应变复合迭加而成，并且在纤维与基体结合十分牢固，基体组元体积分数又较少的情况下，复合纤维表现为高强度，高弹性模量及低塑性，将试验结果同理论计算模型进行了比较，所得结果基本一致。     

一种喹啉类Zn2+荧光比率型探针

以8-氨基喹啉为母体,设计并合成一种Zn2+比率型荧光探针,通过核磁、质谱表征其结构,并利用荧光光谱、紫外-可见吸收光谱等研究了探针的识别性能.结果表明,该探针在pH为4.0~9.5条件下均能有效识别Zn2+,尤其在pH 7.4的生理条件下具有最优的识别能力.探针与Zn2+能形成结合比为1:1的稳定络合物且灵敏度高、选择性强、响应迅速,因此该荧光探针具有在生物及环境等领域有效检测Zn2+的潜力.     

Photo Catalytic Oxidation of Alcohols in Water under Natural Weathering Conditions in the Presence of Bromo Source

1 Results The oxidation of alcohols into the corresponding carbonyl compound is one of the most important functional group transformation in organic synthesis[1]. Traditionally,such transformations have been performed with stoichiometric inorganic oxidant or other high valent metal oxidant[2]. Despite a variety of systems for the catalytic oxidation of alcohols have been developed,there is ongoing interest in the search for new efficient and environmental friendly oxidation system.To the best of our kno...     

Co-Ti共掺杂M型六角钡铁氧体磁电耦合研究

磁电多铁性材料兼具电极化及磁性,可用于构建新型传感器和高密度存储器件．但对于单相多铁性材料,大多工作温度低且所需磁场强度较高,无法满足实用化需求．近来发现六角铁氧体可明显提高这两方面特性,但还需提高其工作温度及电阻率．我们采用Co-Ti元素对M-型钡六角铁氧体进行大剂量共掺杂,制备一系列的铁氧体陶瓷BaFe12-2xCoxTixO19 (x=0~4)．同时利用物理性能综合测试仪（PPMS）及其他检测仪器搭建了一套磁电测试系统,并结合LabVIEW软件进行编程,对样品的磁性、电性、磁介电和磁电耦合特性进行系统表征．结果表明,Co-Ti共掺杂可显著改变M型钡六角铁氧体的矫顽场及饱和磁化强度．同时,这种掺杂可使漏电流降低到3个量级（掺杂量x=2）．值得一提的是,我们在掺杂量为x=2的样品中观测到室温下的磁介电效应,同时在100K以下观测到明显的磁致铁电极化,且其电极化方向可以被磁场反转．该结果在探索新型多铁六角铁氧体及推进其应用化进程具有一定的意义．     

基于Voronoi图的城市体系空间结构及吸引范围——以广东省为例

城市体系空间结构是城镇化的基本载体,构建科学合理的城市体系空间结构是推进新型城镇化的重要内容. 为准确把握广东省的城市体系空间结构特征,使用Voronoi图空间组织方法和加权Voronoi图空间分割方法,以城市综合实力为质量属性,统合考察城市的地理区位和空间关系,对广东省县级以上城市的城市体系空间结构及吸引范围进行研究,得出以下结论：（1）广东省城市发展空间极化现象明显,城市综合发展水平存在较大差距;（2）在城市体系空间结构上,广东省形成了全域性中心城市区域性中心城市地方性中心城市一般性城市4个层级的城市体系空间结构;（3）从城市吸引范围分析,广东省部分城市存在同城化发展现象,其中广佛和潮汕同城趋势明显;（4）广东省城市的综合实力与其空间结构等级间存在明显的错位现象,因此应该进一步明确实力强等级低的城市的区域定位和职能定位,同时加快综合实力较弱的中心城市的发展,缩小发展差距,实现区域协调.     

Enzymes and receptors in the leukotriene cascade

Leukotrienes are a family of paracrine hormones derived from the oxidative metabolism of arachidonic acid. These lipid mediators are recognized as important signal molecules in a variety of inflammatory and allergic conditions affecting the skin, joints, gastrointestinal and respiratory systems, in particular asthma. Such conditions are typified by local pain, tissue edema, hyperemia and functional losses. In the tissues, immunocompetent cells accumulate at the site of injury which contribute to tissue damage and perpetuation of the disease process. Leukotrienes can elicit most, if not all, of these signs and symptoms. Thus, leukotriene B₄ is one of the most powerful chemotactic agents known to date and participates in the recruitment of leukocytes. The cysteinyl leukotrienes, on the other hand, contract smooth muscles, particularly in the peripheral airways and microcirculation. Recently, drugs which block the formation and action of leukotrienes have been introduced as novel antiasthmatic medications. This chapter reviews the biochemistry, molecular biology and cell biology of the key enzymes and cognate receptors in the leukotriene cascade.