氧钒(Ⅳ)-碳酸氢根水溶液配合反应的研究

本文应用溶解度法和电子光谱研究了氧钒(Ⅳ)-碳酸氢根水溶液体系的配合反应。在15±2℃,恒定离子强度Ⅰ=1.0的条件下,测得溶液中[VO~(2 )]<0.012M时,钒(Ⅳ)仅以单核配离子VO(CO_3)(OH)~-存在;当[VO~(2 )]在0.014～0.035M之间时,以5核配离子(VO)_5(CO_3)_5(OH)_5~(5-)和(VO)_5(CO_3)_5(OH)_6~(6-)的混合物存在;当[VO~(2 )]>0.035M时,则存在6核配离子(VO)_6(CO_3)_4(OH)_9~(5-)。同时测定了有关反应的平衡常数。     

面向教育大数据的知识追踪研究综述

介绍了知识追踪（KT）的相关概念与任务,梳理其发展脉络,综述KT的原理、相关算法和数据集,分析了不同结构的KT模型的优缺点.在此基础上,对KT领域未来发展方向进行了深入探讨,提出了数据表征、认知建模、模型可解释性三个重要的发展方向,并作出了一定的展望.     

聚合物/表活剂二元体系在多孔介质中运移的黏度和界面张力变化

 黏度和界面张力是评价聚合物/表活剂二元体系驱油能力的主要指标,研究二者在多孔介质中运移过程中的变化对提高二元体系驱油能力有重要指导意义。设计4 种注入段塞的二元体系在3 种长度的填砂模型运移的室内实验,对体系运移过程中黏度和界面张力的变化进行研究。结果表明：在注入速度和运移距离相同的条件下,注入段塞越大,流出液的最低界面张力更低,保持低界面张力的时间更长,黏度保留率也更高;在注入速度和段塞相同的条件下,运移距离越长,流出液的界面张力保持低界面张力程度越高,黏度保留率越高。研究结果对现场二元体系的注入方案设计具有一定指导作用。     

Time-lapse photography reveals the occurrence of unexpected bee-pollination in Calanthe izuinsularis,an endangered orchid endemic to the Izu archipelago

Calanthe izuinsularis is a rare, beautiful and fragrant orchid endemic to the Izu archipelago. Although it is known that mainland populations of closely related Calanthe species are pollinated by medium- to large-sized bees, it is likely that C. izuinsularis has been forced to alter its floral biology to attract alternative pollinators, as large-sized bees are rarely found on the Izu Islands. Indeed, the unusual floral characteristics of C. izuinsularis, which produces pale flowers that emit a strong and fragrant scent during the night, are considered the adaptation to a moth-pollinator syndrome. As expected, our time-lapse photography using a digital camera revealed that the inflorescences of C. izuinsularis were most frequently visited by nocturnal moths such as Noctuidae, Geometridae and Crambidae, which accounted for 50% of all insect visits (in terms of both the number of frames with captured visitors and the number of times visited). However, our study could not provide evidence of a pollinator shift towards moths because none of the moth species was observed with pollinaria. On the other hand, our study found that the pollinaria of C. izuinsularis could become attached to the mesothorax of the small-sized sweat bee Lasioglossum occidens. Therefore, our study suggests that C. izuinsularis is still somewhat dependent on bee pollination, while the orchid has changed its floral colouration and scent. The occurrence of bee-pollination in C. izuinsularis would provide an explanation for how the natural hybridisation between C. aristulifera, C. discolor and C. izuinsularis can occur.     

Axial patterning in cephalochordates and the evolution of the organizer

The organizer of the vertebrate gastrula is an important signalling centre that induces and patterns dorsal axial structures. Although a topic of long-standing interest, the evolutionary origin of the organizer remains unclear. Here we show that the gastrula of the cephalochordate amphioxus expresses dorsal/ventral (D/V) patterning genes (for example, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), Nodal and their antagonists) in patterns reminiscent of those of their vertebrate orthlogues, and that amphioxus embryos, like those of vertebrates, are ventralized by exogenous BMP protein. In addition, Wnt-antagonists (for example, Dkks and sFRP2-like) are expressed anteriorly, whereas Wnt genes themselves are expressed posteriorly, consistent with a role for Wnt signalling in anterior/posterior (A/P) patterning. These results suggest evolutionary conservation of the mechanisms for both D/V and A/P patterning of the early gastrula. In light of recent phylogenetic analyses placing cephalochordates basally in the chordate lineage, we propose that separate signalling centres for patterning the D/V and A/P axes may be an ancestral chordate character.     

一个福利设施的热环境和问卷调查

为探讨热环境对居住在福利院中的老龄人的感受的影响．选择若干老人福利院作为研究对象，对其热湿环境加以测量，并利用夏季时间对老龄人对热环境的反应进行了调查．     

Requirement of Bmpr1a for Müllerian duct regression during male sexual development

Elimination of the developing female reproductive tract in male fetuses is an essential step in mammalian sexual differentiation. In males, the fetal testis produces the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) family member anti-Müllerian hormone (Amh, also known as Müllerian-inhibiting substance (Mis)), which causes regression of the Müllerian ducts, the primordia of the oviducts, uterus and upper vagina. Amh induces regression by binding to a specific type II receptor (Amhr2) expressed in the mesenchyme surrounding the ductal epithelium. Mutations in AMH or AMHR2 in humans and mice disrupt signaling, producing male pseudohermaphrodites that possess oviducts and uteri. The type I receptor and Smad proteins that are required in vivo for Müllerian duct regression have not yet been identified. Here we show that targeted disruption of the widely expressed type I bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor Bmpr1a (also known as Alk3) in the mesenchymal cells of the Müllerian ducts leads to retention of oviducts and uteri in males. These results identify Bmpr1a as a type I receptor for Amh-induced regression of Müllerian ducts. Because Bmpr1a is evolutionarily conserved, these findings indicate that a component of the BMP signaling pathway has been co-opted during evolution for male sexual development in amniotes.     

关于含r对k间隔的组合数

记 f(n,m)为从排列在一直线上的 n 个元素中选取 m 个元素且恰含 r 对 k 间隔元素的选取方式数.g_k~r(n,m)为从排列在圆周上的 n 个元素中选取 m 个元素且恰含 r 对 k 间隔元素的选取方式数,给出了 f_k~r(n,m)及 g_k~r(n,m)的递归关系式和卷积形式表达式,在 k=0时得到 f_0~r(n,m)与 g_0~r(n,m)的显式.     

钡钇铜氧化物陶瓷超导电性的研究

赵忠贤等报导了对Ba_(0.5)Y_(4.5)Cu_5O_(5(3-y)陶瓷超导电性的早期研究结果,经1000℃烧结6小时后炉冷试样的零电阻超导温度为78.5K,转变宽度为4K.测量电阻-温度曲线所用的电流密度为0.04A/cm~2,未给出临界电流密度Jc的值. 本文所用试样的成份为Ba_2Y_2Cu_3O_(3(3-y′).混合均匀的金属氧化物粉末由草酸盐分解法制得.氧化物粉末经压制成型后于空气中加热至920℃至1050℃烧结6小时炉冷.X-衍射分析结果表明,试样基本上为单相的准正交相,其晶格常数为a=3.840A.b=3.906A,c=11.718A.断口扫描测试表明,该试样的平均晶粒尺寸小于5μ,晶粒大小均匀.断口相呈部份穿晶断裂,有不太明显的断裂台阶,韧性及强度均较好.能谱