Male-pattern baldness susceptibility locus at 20p11

We conducted a genome-wide association study for androgenic alopecia in 1,125 men and identified a newly associated locus at chromosome 20p11.22, confirmed in three independent cohorts (n = 1,650; OR = 1.60, P = 1.1 x 10(-14) for rs1160312). The one man in seven who harbors risk alleles at both 20p11.22 and AR (encoding the androgen receptor) has a sevenfold-increased odds of androgenic alopecia (OR = 7.12, P = 3.7 x 10(-15)).     

MicroRNA Mirn140 modulates Pdgf signaling during palatogenesis

Disruption of signaling pathways such as those mediated by sonic hedgehog (Shh) or platelet-derived growth factor (Pdgf) causes craniofacial abnormalities, including cleft palate. The role that microRNAs play in modulating palatogenesis, however, is completely unknown. We show that, in zebrafish, the microRNA Mirn140 negatively regulates Pdgf signaling during palatal development, and we provide a mechanism for how disruption of Pdgf signaling causes palatal clefting. The pdgf receptor alpha (pdgfra) 3' UTR contained a Mirn140 binding site functioning in the negative regulation of Pdgfra protein levels in vivo. pdgfra mutants and Mirn140-injected embryos shared a range of facial defects, including clefting of the crest-derived cartilages that develop in the roof of the larval mouth. Concomitantly, the oral ectoderm beneath where these cartilages develop lost pitx2 and shha expression. Mirn140 modulated Pdgf-mediated attraction of cranial neural crest cells to the oral ectoderm, where crest-derived signals were necessary for oral ectodermal gene expression. Mirn140 loss of function elevated Pdgfra protein levels, altered palatal shape and caused neural crest cells to accumulate around the optic stalk, a source of the ligand Pdgfaa. These results suggest that the conserved regulatory interactions of mirn140 and pdgfra define an ancient mechanism of palatogenesis, and they provide candidate genes for cleft palate.     

有约束多目标系统的模糊匈牙利决策及其应用

首先将指标值矩阵转化为模糊关系合成矩阵,再将模糊关系合成矩阵与解决指派问题的匈牙利方法结合起来,提出了有约束多目标系统的一种新决策方法——模糊匈牙利法,并建立其模型,该模型可用著名的匈牙利算法来求解。最后应用该法于文献［1～3］中的实例,通过比较,方法简便,效果很好     

人手柔性触觉感知特性

提出了一种新颖的基于弹性梁有效变形长度控制的柔性触觉感知再现方法,并研制了柔性触觉感知装置.通过在该柔性触觉装置上进行实验,对人手的柔性触觉感知特性进行了研究,得出一些结论.刚度越大,分辨率越低,随着刚度的增大,相比较的2个物体间需具有更大的刚度差异才能够分辨.当人们触摸物体时,习惯的次数为2～6次,按压频率主要分布在0.3～1.3 Hz.实验点的刚度越大越难记忆.连续感知的正确率要明显高于不连续感知的正确率.本实验方法简单有效,得出的实验结论不仅可用来改进触觉再现装置的设计,而且为触觉再现技术的研究提供了生理学依据.     

Turbo／MAP编译码器中的交织器优化设计

讨论采用软输出迭代译交织级联卷积码（Ｔｕｒｂｏ码）编译码器中的交织器优化设计问题．从基于最大后验概率（ＭＡＰ）算法与迭代译码的Ｔｕｒｂｏ码编译码原理出发,给出交织器设计的一些基本方法并分析其特点;提出“保奇偶”的随机交织器设计方案,它能有效地改善某些以提高编码效率为目的的“删余截短”Ｔｕｒｂｏ码的纠错性能．通过计算机仿真得出一些Ｔｕｒｂｏ码在加性高斯白噪声信道中采用不同交织器时的误码率数据,分析了交织类型和交织深度的变化对Ｔｕｒｂｏ码纠错性能的影响．针对Ｔｕｒｂｏ码的特点提出了在卫星通信等应用中交织器设计的实用性结论．     

相似产品步进应力加速寿命试验的统计分析

本文将单组样本的步进应力加速寿命试验(SSALT)拓展到双样本情形.基于累积失效模型(CEM),对两组指数产品的联合Ⅱ型截尾数据进行综合分析.首先,计算未知参数的极大似然估计(MLE),并利用矩母函数(MGF)建立其条件概率分布.然后,采用两种方法,基于概率分布的精确分析方法和参数的Bootstrap方法,构建参数的置信区间(CIs).以覆盖率作为评价标准,对两种方法的区间估计效果进行分析.最后,通过数值算例验证了本文方法的有效性.     

Yersinia pestis genome sequencing identifies patterns of global phylogenetic diversity

Plague is a pandemic human invasive disease caused by the bacterial agent Yersinia pestis. We here report a comparison of 17 whole genomes of Y. pestis isolates from global sources. We also screened a global collection of 286 Y. pestis isolates for 933 SNPs using Sequenom MassArray SNP typing. We conducted phylogenetic analyses on this sequence variation dataset, assigned isolates to populations based on maximum parsimony and, from these results, made inferences regarding historical transmission routes. Our phylogenetic analysis suggests that Y. pestis evolved in or near China and spread through multiple radiations to Europe, South America, Africa and Southeast Asia, leading to country-specific lineages that can be traced by lineage-specific SNPs. All 626 current isolates from the United States reflect one radiation, and 82 isolates from Madagascar represent a second radiation. Subsequent local microevolution of Y. pestis is marked by sequential, geographically specific SNPs.     

嫁接用苗生长状态无损测量技术的研究

利用机器视觉技术对蔬菜幼苗的生长特征信息进行了无损检测,该研究技术是定量化研究植物生长规律的关键技术之一,并为蔬菜自动化生产过程中的嫁接、移栽、间苗等作业提供必要的技术理论依据.该研究通过在温室内设计了一套计算机视觉系统,对多株群体蔬菜苗的生长进行了长时间、连续、快速的无损检测,并利用VB6.0编制了图像处理软件,提取了蔬菜幼苗的外部形态特征,经过图像处理软件分析得到蔬菜幼苗的日生长变化规律,发现蔬菜苗在夜间的生长率明显高于白天.研究表明,采用机器视觉及图像处理技术可以快速、准确地监测出蔬菜幼苗的外部形态特征量,能够对蔬菜生长状态进行直观测量,实现对蔬菜幼苗生长规的定量化研究,为蔬菜生产过程中相关作业的自动化提供可靠的理论依据.     

Bias‐corrected bootstrap prediction intervals for autoregressive model: new alternatives with applications to tourism forecasting

This paper proposes the use of the bias‐corrected bootstrap for interval forecasting of an autoregressive time series with an arbitrary number of deterministic components. We use the bias‐corrected bootstrap based on two alternative bias‐correction methods: the bootstrap and an analytic formula based on asymptotic expansion. We also propose a new stationarity‐correction method, based on stable spectral factorization, as an alternative to Kilian's method exclusively used in past studies. A Monte Carlo experiment is conducted to compare small‐sample properties of prediction intervals. The results show that the bias‐corrected bootstrap prediction intervals proposed in this paper exhibit desirable small‐sample properties. It is also found that the bootstrap bias‐corrected prediction intervals based on stable spectral factorization are tighter and more stable than those based on Kilian's stationarity‐correction. The proposed methods are applied to interval forecasting for the number of tourist arrivals in Hong Kong. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于专利引文数据的混合动力汽车创新扩散研究

以巴斯扩散模型为理论基础,利用1995～2011年的专利引文数据,对混合动力汽车的技术扩散模型进行了非线性最小二乘法估计。结果显示：①各参数均为统计上显著的,且可决系数与调整可决系数均较大;②该技术的扩散路径符合巴斯模型,且处于成熟阶段。同时,以普锐斯为例,对其1997～2010年的销售数据进行拟合与预测,结果显示,该产品的扩散过程符合巴斯模型。文章认为新技术的扩散与新产品之间存在时滞。