Low-penetrance susceptibility to breast cancer due to CHEK2(*)1100delC in noncarriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations

Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 confer a high risk of breast and ovarian cancer, but account for only a small fraction of breast cancer susceptibility. To find additional genes conferring susceptibility to breast cancer, we analyzed CHEK2 (also known as CHK2), which encodes a cell-cycle checkpoint kinase that is implicated in DNA repair processes involving BRCA1 and p53 (refs 3,4,5). We show that CHEK2(*)1100delC, a truncating variant that abrogates the kinase activity, has a frequency of 1.1% in healthy individuals. However, this variant is present in 5.1% of individuals with breast cancer from 718 families that do not carry mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 (P = 0.00000003), including 13.5% of individuals from families with male breast cancer (P = 0.00015). We estimate that the CHEK2(*)1100delC variant results in an approximately twofold increase of breast cancer risk in women and a tenfold increase of risk in men. By contrast, the variant confers no increased cancer risk in carriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. This suggests that the biological mechanisms underlying the elevated risk of breast cancer in CHEK2 mutation carriers are already subverted in carriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations, which is consistent with participation of the encoded proteins in the same pathway.     

移动通信Rician信道中的多普勒影响分析

在研究分析了陆地移动通信Rician多径信道中因存在较强支配路径信号入射以及入射路径空间位置发生变化对Doppler频谱密度所产生影响的基础上 ,指出在实际无线传播环境中的一般性Doppler频谱密度通常应为非对称的 ,并且给出了相应的理论分析和仿真结果     

基于多层前馈型神经元网络模型的摄像机定标算法

针对传统线性、非线性摄像机定标算法的鲁棒性,提出了基于多层前馈型神经元（MLFN）网络模型来替代传统精确的摄像机定标数学模型,MLFN网络模型作为层状网络可实现任意维复杂的输入／输出映射,对于无需计算摄像机构,外参数的应用场合,该模型提供了一种实用且有较好鲁棒性的摄像机定标算法,同时为了补偿摄影机非线性畸变,把图像按畸变程度分割成两个区域,分别建立各自基于MLFN网络的摄像机定标模型,实验表明,该方法有效补了畸变,并提高了模型精度,给出了基于MLFN网络模型摄像机定标算法实验,验证了该模型的有效性。     

研究文化保守主义的一部力作－评沈卫威《回眸“学衡派”》

作为主流文化的反面和制衡,"学衡派"与中国现代文化的发展息息相关.沈卫威博士的专著<回眸"学衡派">是一部研究文化保守主义现代命运的力作.沈博士令人信服地解决了这个独具特色文化派别的历史评价问题;对"学衡派"三位核心人物的个案研究也有许多新的见解和突破.     

Cyclic AMP/GMP-dependent modulation of Ca2+ channels sets the polarity of nerve growth-cone turning

Signalling by intracellular second messengers such as cyclic nucleotides and Ca2+ is known to regulate attractive and repulsive guidance of axons by extracellular factors. However, the mechanism of interaction among these second messengers in determining the polarity of the guidance response is largely unknown. Here, we report that the ratio of cyclic AMP to cyclic GMP activities sets the polarity of netrin-1-induced axon guidance: high ratios favour attraction, whereas low ratios favour repulsion. Whole-cell recordings of Ca2+ currents at Xenopus spinal neuron growth cones indicate that cyclic nucleotide signalling directly modulates the activity of L-type Ca2+ channels (LCCs) in axonal growth cones. Furthermore, cGMP signalling activated by an arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase metabolite suppresses LCC activity triggered by netrin-1, and is required for growth-cone repulsion mediated by the DCC-UNC5 receptor complex. By linking cAMP and cGMP signalling and modulation of Ca2+ channel activity in growth cones, these findings delineate an early membrane-associated event responsible for signal transduction during bi-directional axon guidance.     

浪漫的色彩与写实的骨骼--许地山小说的艺术风格

现代文坛上的“奇才”许地山,以他独具特色的艺术创作,成为“思想史、宗教史、文学史上不可复得的化石”。浪漫主义风度下写实、写实主义色彩下浪漫的风格,一直贯穿于许地山创作的始终,保持着前后期风格的内在统一性,创造了中国小说史上罕见的奇特的现象;许地山扛着浪漫传奇的艺术旗帜,行进在人生派的行列之中。     

基于等高线与植被图的后向散射系数估算方法

通过对等高线与土地利用图的处理,建立了数字高程模型和土地类型数据库,提出了一种在大范围复杂地形条件下雷达地面归一化后向散射系数的估算方法。与实测数据对比,显示了这种方法的正确性。     

“新婚姻法现象”中婚外情等争论带来的启示

“新婚姻法现象”不仅是一个立法事件,更是当前我国婚姻家庭关系领域内伦理道德矛盾的集中反映。一部法律的修订并不能解决所有矛盾,我们迫切需要有针对性地研究新问题,加强婚姻家庭关系领域的道德建设。     

端午节起源新考

人们普遍认为 ,端午节源于南方“龙图腾祭”仪式 ,但经对北方端午登山习俗的考证得出结论 ,它是起源于中原华夏族的祭天祈年仪式 ,后与南方楚越文化交融 ,演变为赛龙舟祭屈原的节俗。