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31.
Summary Intraperitoneal injection of the C-terminal tetrapeptide amide of cholecystokinin (CCK) suppressed feeding behaviour and food intake in rats deprived of food for 12 h in a dose-dependent manner. The CCK-4 possesses a hunger suppressive property similar to the full molecule of CCK. 相似文献
32.
Driver mutations in histone H3.3 and chromatin remodelling genes in paediatric glioblastoma 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Schwartzentruber J Korshunov A Liu XY Jones DT Pfaff E Jacob K Sturm D Fontebasso AM Quang DA Tönjes M Hovestadt V Albrecht S Kool M Nantel A Konermann C Lindroth A Jäger N Rausch T Ryzhova M Korbel JO Hielscher T Hauser P Garami M Klekner A Bognar L Ebinger M Schuhmann MU Scheurlen W Pekrun A Frühwald MC Roggendorf W Kramm C Dürken M Atkinson J Lepage P Montpetit A Zakrzewska M Zakrzewski K Liberski PP Dong Z Siegel P Kulozik AE Zapatka M Guha A Malkin D Felsberg J Reifenberger G 《Nature》2012,482(7384):226-231
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a lethal brain tumour in adults and children. However, DNA copy number and gene expression signatures indicate differences between adult and paediatric cases. To explore the genetic events underlying this distinction, we sequenced the exomes of 48 paediatric GBM samples. Somatic mutations in the H3.3-ATRX-DAXX chromatin remodelling pathway were identified in 44% of tumours (21/48). Recurrent mutations in H3F3A, which encodes the replication-independent histone 3 variant H3.3, were observed in 31% of tumours, and led to amino acid substitutions at two critical positions within the histone tail (K27M, G34R/G34V) involved in key regulatory post-translational modifications. Mutations in ATRX (α-thalassaemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked) and DAXX (death-domain associated protein), encoding two subunits of a chromatin remodelling complex required for H3.3 incorporation at pericentric heterochromatin and telomeres, were identified in 31% of samples overall, and in 100% of tumours harbouring a G34R or G34V H3.3 mutation. Somatic TP53 mutations were identified in 54% of all cases, and in 86% of samples with H3F3A and/or ATRX mutations. Screening of a large cohort of gliomas of various grades and histologies (n = 784) showed H3F3A mutations to be specific to GBM and highly prevalent in children and young adults. Furthermore, the presence of H3F3A/ATRX-DAXX/TP53 mutations was strongly associated with alternative lengthening of telomeres and specific gene expression profiles. This is, to our knowledge, the first report to highlight recurrent mutations in a regulatory histone in humans, and our data suggest that defects of the chromatin architecture underlie paediatric and young adult GBM pathogenesis. 相似文献
33.
Peña PV Davrazou F Shi X Walter KL Verkhusha VV Gozani O Zhao R Kutateladze TG 《Nature》2006,442(7098):100-103
34.
An unsuspected attachment mechanism may help these huge spiders to avoid catastrophic falls. Spiders spin silk from specialized structures known as abdominal spinnerets--a defining feature of the creatures--and this is deployed to capture prey, protect themselves, reproduce and disperse. Here we show that zebra tarantulas (Aphonopelma seemanni) from Costa Rica also secrete silk from their feet to provide adhesion during locomotion, enabling these spiders to cling to smooth vertical surfaces. Our discovery that silk is produced by the feet provides a new perspective on the origin and diversification of spider silk. 相似文献
35.
R. Walter G. Schaechtelin L. C. Craig 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1974,30(3):306-308
Zusammenfassung Der Effekt von Na+-, NH4
+- und Ca++-Ionen auf die Blutdruckaktivität von Arginin-Vasopressom wurde untersucht und mit analogen Experimenten (Val5-Angiotensin II-Asp1--Amid) verglichen. Die Wirkungsweise der Ionen-induzierten Potenzierung von Vasopressin wird diskutiert.
Supported by USPHS Grant No. AM-13567.
Abbreviations used are: AVP, arginine-vasopressin; bp, blood pres sure; U, unit;n, number of experiments; , mean value; S.E. standard error;p, level of significance; NS, not significant. 相似文献
Supported by USPHS Grant No. AM-13567.
Abbreviations used are: AVP, arginine-vasopressin; bp, blood pres sure; U, unit;n, number of experiments; , mean value; S.E. standard error;p, level of significance; NS, not significant. 相似文献
36.
The Effects of Environmental Variables on Gas Exchange of Several Tree Species Under
Boreal Field Conditions 下载免费PDF全文
1994年和1995年夏季在加拿大Saskatchewan省PrinceAlbert市北部森林测定环境条件对欧洲杨(PopulustremuloidesMichx.),胶杨(PopulusbalsamiferaL.),榛子(CoryluscornutaMarsh.),短叶松(PinusbanksianaLamb.)和黑云杉(Piceamariana(Mil)BSP)气体交换的影响。气体交换率的测定使用便携式气体交换系统(LI-6200)。结果表明光合作用光流动量(PPFD)、气温(Ta)、蒸气压差(VPD)和体内二氧化碳浓度(Ci)均对气体交换有显著影响,但对不同树种影响程度不同。在大气二氧化碳浓度(Ca)和相对稳定的气温和蒸气压差下,欧洲杨比短叶松和黑云杉有较高光饱和点、同化量子产量(Φ)、在饱和PPFD下最高同化率(Pm)和较低的光补偿点(LCP)。对欧洲杨树,幼龄树比老龄树有较高光合能力,且生长季早期光合能力比后期高。欧洲杨和短叶松的气孔导度(gs)随PPFD增加而增加。但黑云杉gs不受PPFD影响。在高光强下(PPFD>1000μmol·m-2s-1),欧洲杨幼树被光叶片比曝光叶片表现较低的净二氧化 相似文献
37.
Marscher AP Jorstad SG D'Arcangelo FD Smith PS Williams GG Larionov VM Oh H Olmstead AR Aller MF Aller HD McHardy IM Lähteenmäki A Tornikoski M Valtaoja E Hagen-Thorn VA Kopatskaya EN Gear WK Tosti G Kurtanidze O Nikolashvili M Sigua L Miller HR Ryle WT 《Nature》2008,452(7190):966-969
Blazars are the most extreme active galactic nuclei. They possess oppositely directed plasma jets emanating at near light speeds from accreting supermassive black holes. According to theoretical models, such jets are propelled by magnetic fields twisted by differential rotation of the black hole's accretion disk or inertial-frame-dragging ergosphere. The flow velocity increases outward along the jet in an acceleration and collimation zone containing a coiled magnetic field. Detailed observations of outbursts of electromagnetic radiation, for which blazars are famous, can potentially probe the zone. It has hitherto not been possible to either specify the location of the outbursts or verify the general picture of jet formation. Here we report sequences of high-resolution radio images and optical polarization measurements of the blazar BL Lacertae. The data reveal a bright feature in the jet that causes a double flare of radiation from optical frequencies to TeV gamma-ray energies, as well as a delayed outburst at radio wavelengths. We conclude that the event starts in a region with a helical magnetic field that we identify with the acceleration and collimation zone predicted by the theories. The feature brightens again when it crosses a standing shock wave corresponding to the bright 'core' seen on the images. 相似文献
38.
Malanchi I Peinado H Kassen D Hussenet T Metzger D Chambon P Huber M Hohl D Cano A Birchmeier W Huelsken J 《Nature》2008,452(7187):650-653
Continuous turnover of epithelia is ensured by the extensive self-renewal capacity of tissue-specific stem cells. Similarly, epithelial tumour maintenance relies on cancer stem cells (CSCs), which co-opt stem cell properties. For most tumours, the cellular origin of these CSCs and regulatory pathways essential for sustaining stemness have not been identified. In murine skin, follicular morphogenesis is driven by bulge stem cells that specifically express CD34. Here we identify a population of cells in early epidermal tumours characterized by phenotypic and functional similarities to normal bulge skin stem cells. This population contains CSCs, which are the only cells with tumour initiation properties. Transplants derived from these CSCs preserve the hierarchical organization of the primary tumour. We describe beta-catenin signalling as being essential in sustaining the CSC phenotype. Ablation of the beta-catenin gene results in the loss of CSCs and complete tumour regression. In addition, we provide evidence for the involvement of increased beta-catenin signalling in malignant human squamous cell carcinomas. Because Wnt/beta-catenin signalling is not essential for normal epidermal homeostasis, such a mechanistic difference may thus be targeted to eliminate CSCs and consequently eradicate squamous cell carcinomas. 相似文献
39.
澳大利亚及斯洛文尼亚稻绿蝽(Nezara viridula)外生殖器微细结构电镜观察 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
齐宝瑛 《内蒙古师范大学学报(自然科学版)》2000,29(1)
澳大利亚和斯洛文尼亚的稻绿蝽因不完全的生殖隔离而曾被认为是两个不同的但互为姊妹的种群 .作者对采自于澳大利亚和斯洛文尼亚的稻绿蝽的雄性、雌性外生殖器及触角节上的感觉毛进行了解剖比较和扫描电子显微镜下的观察研究 ,旨在从外生殖器及触角感觉器等方面找出支持该观点的证据 .研究证明 ,上述几种器官的微细结构在两个种群间并无显著的差异 ,不存在将二者分为姊妹种的依据 .故两个群体间生殖隔离现象与外生殖器的结构无关 . 相似文献
40.
P Walter 《Experientia》1991,47(2):178-181
Some recent evidence on the benefits and hazards of elevated dosages of vitamins is summarized. Special emphasis is given on the safety of vitamins A, D, K1 and B6. Furthermore, the possibly beneficial effects of vitamins for athletic performance as well as the preventive potential of antioxidative vitamins and of carotenoids against cancer are discussed. 相似文献