全文获取类型
收费全文 | 11512篇 |
免费 | 25篇 |
国内免费 | 28篇 |
专业分类
系统科学 | 72篇 |
丛书文集 | 28篇 |
教育与普及 | 40篇 |
理论与方法论 | 75篇 |
现状及发展 | 4316篇 |
研究方法 | 522篇 |
综合类 | 6242篇 |
自然研究 | 270篇 |
出版年
2013年 | 80篇 |
2012年 | 178篇 |
2011年 | 487篇 |
2010年 | 76篇 |
2008年 | 191篇 |
2007年 | 210篇 |
2006年 | 231篇 |
2005年 | 229篇 |
2004年 | 272篇 |
2003年 | 224篇 |
2002年 | 221篇 |
2001年 | 308篇 |
2000年 | 335篇 |
1999年 | 224篇 |
1992年 | 209篇 |
1991年 | 160篇 |
1990年 | 171篇 |
1989年 | 181篇 |
1988年 | 178篇 |
1987年 | 193篇 |
1986年 | 174篇 |
1985年 | 251篇 |
1984年 | 179篇 |
1983年 | 140篇 |
1982年 | 113篇 |
1981年 | 117篇 |
1980年 | 137篇 |
1979年 | 331篇 |
1978年 | 256篇 |
1977年 | 241篇 |
1976年 | 226篇 |
1975年 | 238篇 |
1974年 | 306篇 |
1973年 | 278篇 |
1972年 | 236篇 |
1971年 | 337篇 |
1970年 | 474篇 |
1969年 | 327篇 |
1968年 | 312篇 |
1967年 | 319篇 |
1966年 | 349篇 |
1965年 | 223篇 |
1964年 | 98篇 |
1959年 | 108篇 |
1958年 | 209篇 |
1957年 | 118篇 |
1956年 | 130篇 |
1955年 | 101篇 |
1954年 | 84篇 |
1948年 | 127篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
32.
33.
34.
Enzymatic control of cell division in micro-organisms 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
NICKERSON WJ 《Nature》1948,162(4111):241-245
35.
36.
J A Martignetti A A Aqeel W A Sewairi C E Boumah M Kambouris S A Mayouf K V Sheth W A Eid O Dowling J Harris M J Glucksman S Bahabri B F Meyer R J Desnick 《Nature genetics》2001,28(3):261-265
The inherited osteolyses or 'vanishing bone' syndromes are a group of rare disorders of unknown etiology characterized by destruction and resorption of affected bones. The multicentric osteolyses are notable for interphalangeal joint erosions that mimic severe juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (OMIMs 166300, 259600, 259610 and 277950). We recently described an autosomal recessive form of multicentric osteolysis with carpal and tarsal resorption, crippling arthritic changes, marked osteoporosis, palmar and plantar subcutaneous nodules and distinctive facies in a number of consanguineous Saudi Arabian families. We localized the disease gene to 16q12-21 by using members of these families for a genome-wide search for homozygous-by-descent microsatellite markers. Haplotype analysis narrowed the critical region to a 1.2-cM region that spans the gene encoding MMP-2 (gelatinase A, collagenase type IV; (ref. 3). We detected no MMP2 enzymatic activity in the serum or fibroblasts of affected family members. We identified two family-specific homoallelic MMP2 mutations: R101H and Y244X. The nonsense mutation effects a deletion of the substrate-binding and catalytic sites and the fibronectin type II-like and hemopexin/TIMP2 binding domains. Based on molecular modeling, the missense mutation disrupts hydrogen bond formation within the highly conserved prodomain adjacent to the catalytic zinc ion. 相似文献
37.
Induction of hemopoietic chimerism in the caprine fetus by intraperitoneal injection of fetal liver cells 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
R. D. Pearce D. Kiehm D. T. Armstrong P. B. Little J. W. Callahan L. R. Klunder J. T. R. Clarke 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1989,45(3):307-308
Summary Intraperitoneal injection of allogeneic liver cells from 43-day-old male fetuses into normal 60-day female goat fetuses resulted in persistent hemopoietic chimerism in surviving recipients without clinical evidence of graft-versus-host disease. Transplantation of normal fetal liver cells into preimmunocompetent goat fetuses affected with -D-mannosidosis may provide an alternative strategy for evaluating hemopoietic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of human lysosomal storage diseases. 相似文献
38.
H. -P. Lipp H. Schwegler W. E. Crusio D. P. Wolfer M. -C. Leisinger-Trigona B. Heimrich P. Driscoll 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1989,45(9):845-859
Summary Genetically-defined rodent strains permit the identification of hippocampal traits which are of functional relevance for the performance of two-way avoidance behavior. This is exemplified here by analyzing the relationship between infrapyramidal mossy fibers (a tiny projection terminating upon the basal dendrites of hippocampal pyramidal neurons) and two-way avoidance learning in about 800 animals. The necessary steps include 1) identification of structural traits sensitive to selective breeding for extremes in two-way avoidance, 2) testing the robustness of the associations found by studying individual and genetical correlations between hippocampal traits and behavior, 3) establishing causal relationships by Mendelian crossing of strains with extreme structural traits and studying the behavioral consequences of such structural randomization, 4) confirming causal relationships by manipulating the structural variable in inbred (isogenic) strains, thereby eliminating the possibility of genetic linkage, and 5) ruling out the possibility of spurious associations by studying the correlations between the hippocampal trait and other behaviors known to depend on hippocampal functioning.In comparison with the classical lesion approach for identifying relationships between brain and behavior, the present procedure appears to be superior in two aspects: it is non-invasive, and it focuses automatically on those brain traits which are used by natural selection to shape behaviorally-defined animal populations, i.e., it reveals the natural regulators of behavior. 相似文献
39.
H. Nawrath J. Rupp H. Jakob U. Sack F. Mertzlufft W. Dick 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1989,45(4):337-339
Summary The opioid agonists morphine (selective for -receptors) and ethylketocyclazocine (selective for kappa-receptors), at concentrations evoking strong effects in neuronal structures, did not significantly affect the configuration of the intracellularly recorded action potential and the force of contraction in ventricular heart muscle isolated from guinea pigs, rabbits and man. These results suggest that any changes of heart functions in vivo in response to opioid-like drugs are probably not mediated postsynaptically at the myocardial cell membrane but rather presynaptically, influencing the release of noradrenaline and/or acetylcholine from the nerve terminals. 相似文献
40.
Evidence for anoxygenic photosynthesis from the distribution of bacteriochlorophylls in the Black Sea 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
The contribution of anoxygenic photosynthesis to carbon cycling in the Black Sea, the world's largest body of anoxic marine water, has been vigorously investigated and debated for over four decades. Penetration of light into the sulphide-containing deep water may result in a zone of anaerobic primary production by photosynthetic bacteria. We report here the results of analyses of photosynthetic pigments in samples of suspended particulate matter collected from two stations in the western basin of the Black Sea. Our data demonstrate high concentrations of a bacterio-chlorophyll at the chemocline, and thus the potential for anoxygenic photosynthesis as a component of primary production in the carbon cycle of the Black Sea. More than 95% of the pigments in the bacteriochlorophyll-maximum are accounted for by a series of aromatic carotenoids and bacteriochlorophylls-e, including a previously unreported geranyl ester of 4-i-butyl bacteriochlorophyll-e. The distribution of pigments is characteristic of the obligate phototrophs Chlorobium phaeobacteroides and C. phaeovibriodes. Total depth-integrated bacteriochlorophyll at one station exceeded total chlorophyll-a in the overlying oxygenated portion of the euphotic zone. We suggest that anoxygenic photosynthesis is a relatively recent phenomenon in the Black Sea initiated by shallowing of the chemocline over the past decade and development of an anoxic layer devoid of O2 and H2S. 相似文献