Advances and applications of electrohydrodynamics

Electrohydrodynamics (EHD) has been applied in many areas, such as EHD enhanced heat transfer, EHD pump, electrospray mass spectrometry, electrospray nanotechnology, etc. The basic theories underlying these applications and a brief review of the EHD advances are presented in this paper. As electrospray is an important branch of EHD,the applications of electrospray are particularly discussed.Finally, this paper gives some suggestions for the future research and development.     

基于J2ME与WebService架构的无线Internet应用研究

对比了J2ME与WAP,阐述了基于J2ME与WebService架构的无线Internet应用开发模式,并应用此架构设计了面向手机、PDA等无线手持设备的实时航班查询系统.     

Distribution of lanthanum among the chloroplast subcomponents of spinach and its biological effects on photosynthesis： location of the lanthanum binding sites in photosystem Ⅱ

The effects of lanthanum at different concentrations on the related photosynthetic activities of Hill reaction, Mg^2＋-ATPase and Ca^2＋-ATPase in spinach chloroplast were studied. Experimental results showed that lanthanum can increase all the activities at suitable concentration （15-30 mg· L^-1）, however, it behaves toxically on them when over used （60 mg. L^-1）. To get an improved understanding of the mechanism of lanthanum effects on the photosynthesis of spinach, the different subcomponents in the chloroplast of the cultured spinach were isolated, and the content of lanthanum in each subcomponent was determined by ICP-MS. The results obtained indicated that among these different subcomponents, about 90% out of the total chloroplast lanthanum was located in photosystem Ⅱ （PS Ⅱ） while there was little lanthanum in photosystem Ⅰ （PS Ⅰ）. Moreover, size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography （SE-HPLC） coupled with online UV and ICP-MS detections was novelly used for locating lanthanum binding sites in PS Ⅱ proteins for the first time. It was found that lanthanum has two binding sites in PS Ⅱ： La associates with chlorophyll together with magnesium in PS Ⅱ by partly replacing magnesium and also shares the common binding sites of PS Ⅱ proteins together with the inorganic cofactors of calcium and manganese, influencing the process of photosynthesis.     

盘式永磁无刷直流发电机

阐述了轴向磁场盘式永磁无刷直流发电机的结构及其特点，提出了气隙磁场的简化模型，并对三维磁场进行了分析，在此基础上探讨了这种电机的设计方法，以最大功率输出为优化目标，导出了几个简单实用的设计公式。６极９相样机的实测数据证实了分析和设计方法的正确性，这种无刷直流发电机结构紧凑，效率高，特别适用于由引擎驱动的发电系统。     

Palaeogene fossil <Emphasis Type="Italic">Populus</Emphasis> leaves from Lanzhou Basin and their palaeoclimatic significance

An angiosperm compression flora is found in Palaeogene from Lanzhou Basin and the cuticular analysis of Populus davidiana Dode in the flora is carefully made. Furthermore, the fossil cuticles are compared with the epidermal structures of extant Populus leaves growing in different environments, i.e. moist, semimoist, and semiarid to arid climatic regions. The present experiments indicate that mature leaves of P. davidiana show leaf size from big to small, leaf cuticles from thick to thin and anticlinal walls of epidermal cells from faintness to clarity along with the increase of lattudes of the plant distributions, the climatic variation from moist to arid, the annual precipitation from more to less and the annual mean temperature from high to low. The fossil P. davidiana differs from the specimens collected from Shandan in semiarid to arid climatic regions but closely resembles the Wushan leaves in a semi-moist climatic area in a lot of features. In a word, the new research may reflect that the flora lives in a semi-moist climatic environment. The present discovery of compression of Paleogene Populus davidiana is of great significance to studying vegetation types, climatic and environmental changes during the primal uplifting of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.     

Removal of NO<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript> by radical injection

Removal of NOx(DeNOx, NOx is the total of NO and NO2) from flue gas by radical injection has been investigated .the discharge characteristics were examined and the steady streamer corona was acquired hy adjusting the nozzle gases properly. It was Found that an increase in the voltage resulted in a decrease in the NO concentration and the concentration of the NO2 increased at tow voltages but decreased as the voltage rose to a certain level. The DeNOx efficiency increased as the applied voltage rose and reached a maximum of 70% when the voltage approached the breakdown voltage. The hypothetical mechanism of NOx removal suggested that the radicals formed in the discharge process converted the NO and NO2 into acidic species. The Monte Carlo method was used to calculate the rate coefficients and the productivity of the radicals, and then the concentrations of both NO and NO2 and the DeNOx effielencies were calculated with chemical kinetics. The calculated DeNOx efficiencies were coalparable with the experimental DeNOx efficiencies at low voltages, but were lower at high voltages.     

人工神经网络在化学中的应用进展

回顾了人工神经网络的发展历史,简要评述了近期在化学中的非线性校准、模式识别、定量结构／活性相关(QSARs)、优化、过程控制、传感器、建模、参数估计、预测预报等方面的应用。并展望了人工神经网络在化学计量中的应用前景．     

A separate two-stage pulse tube cooler working at liquid helium temperature

A novel 4 K separate two-stage pulse tube cooler (PTC) was designed and tested. The cooler consists of two separate pulse tube coolers, in which the cold end of the first stage regenerator is thermally connected with the middle part of the second regenerator. Compared to the traditional coupled multi-stage pulse tube cooler, the mutual interference between stages can be significantly eliminated. The lowest refrigeration temperature obtained at the first stage pulse tube was 13.8 K. This is a new record for singlestage PTC. With two compressors and two rotary valves driving mode, the separate two-stage PTC obtained a refrigeration temperature of 2.5K at the second stage. Cooling capacities of 508mW at 4.2K and 15W at 37.5K were achieved simultaneously. A one-compressor and one-rotary valve driving mode has been proposed to further simplify the structure of separate type PTC.     

构建近红外网络分析平台实现从原料到产品的整个生产过程质量监控

建立近红外分析技术在生产过程中的网络分析平台方案,发挥近红外过程分析技术的优点,实现从原材料到产品整个生产过程质量监控,保证产品质量的稳定性、安全性。