Elective induction in mice of solid and ascitic carcinoma of the exocrine pancreas by the repeated doses of antibodies against a lipoprotein lipase fraction]

Small doses, repeated for months of anti-esterase-lipoprotein antibodies, from several antisera raised against a crude lipoprotein-lipase from Rabbit adipose tissue (2), induce exocrine pancreatic carcinomas in mice, without any specific barrier. This seems to be the first case of a quite elective carcinogenic process of the pancreas, by an immunological mechanism, with a very high incidence, up to 100%. Such carcinomas are highly metastatic, produce a pancreatic carcinomatous ascites, and are deadly. This immunological pathogeny is discussed., more particulary on an action of immuno-complexes in an abnormal physiological environment.     

The activity of neurons in the lateral geniculate body during wakefulness and natural sleep

Résumé On a montré que l'activité neuronique du corps genouillé externe du chat diminue lorsque l'animal passe de l'éveil au sommeil à ondes lentes, et augmente lorsque l'animal passe au sommeil à ondes rapides de bas voltage.     

Note on the strength of picric acid

Zusammenfassung Am Beispiel der Pikrinsäure wird gezeigt, wie man mit Hilfe optischer Messungen auch zu der thermodynamischen Aziditätskonstante von recht starken Säuren (pK 0) kommen kann.

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Special fellow of the U.S. Public Health Service, representing the National Institutes of Health.     

Cavity solitons as pixels in semiconductor microcavities

Cavity solitons are localized intensity peaks that can form in a homogeneous background of radiation. They are generated by shining laser pulses into optical cavities that contain a nonlinear medium driven by a coherent field (holding beam). The ability to switch cavity solitons on and off and to control their location and motion by applying laser pulses makes them interesting as potential 'pixels' for reconfigurable arrays or all-optical processing units. Theoretical work on cavity solitons has stimulated a variety of experiments in macroscopic cavities and in systems with optical feedback. But for practical devices, it is desirable to generate cavity solitons in semiconductor structures, which would allow fast response and miniaturization. The existence of cavity solitons in semiconductor microcavities has been predicted theoretically, and precursors of cavity solitons have been observed, but clear experimental realization has been hindered by boundary-dependence of the resulting optical patterns-cavity solitons should be self-confined. Here we demonstrate the generation of cavity solitons in vertical cavity semiconductor microresonators that are electrically pumped above transparency but slightly below lasing threshold. We show that the generated optical spots can be written, erased and manipulated as objects independent of each other and of the boundary. Numerical simulations allow for a clearer interpretation of experimental results.     

ERAAP customizes peptides for MHC class I molecules in the endoplasmic reticulum

The ability of killer T cells carrying the CD8 antigen to detect tumours or intracellular pathogens requires an extensive display of antigenic peptides by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules on the surface of potential target cells. These peptides are derived from almost all intracellular proteins and reveal the presence of foreign pathogens and mutations. How cells produce thousands of distinct peptides cleaved to the precise lengths required for binding different MHC class I molecules remains unknown. The peptides are cleaved from endogenously synthesized proteins by the proteasome in the cytoplasm and then trimmed by an unknown aminopeptidase in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here we identify ERAAP, the aminopeptidase associated with antigen processing in the ER. ERAAP has a broad substrate specificity, and its expression is strongly upregulated by interferon-gamma. Reducing the expression of ERAAP through RNA interference prevents the trimming of peptides for MHC class I molecules in the ER and greatly reduces the expression of MHC class I molecules on the cell surface. Thus, ERAAP is the missing link between the products of cytosolic processing and the final peptides presented by MHC class I molecules on the cell surface.