正激式零电压转换开关电源设计及PSPICE仿真

利用电子电路分析程序 PSPICE( Personal Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit)软件 ,设计了一种基于正激式 ZVT- PWM(零电流转换脉宽调制 )变换器的开关稳压电源 ,分析了变换电路的工作过程 ,仿真结果表明了理论分析和参数计算的正确性     

基于CORBA的数字化智能监控系统

指出了传统的客户机/服务器模式的缺陷,介绍了基于CORBA的客户机/服务器的模式及其灵活性.提出了数字化智能监控系统的概念,构造了基于CORBA的数字化智能监控系统的体系结构,并且给出了客户服务器端的软件设计.     

基于绿色制造的金属切削用量的优化

阐述运用绿色制造的理论和方法对制造企业的经济效益和社会效益协调优化。重点探讨基于绿色制造的金属切削用量（v,f,ap）在T,Q,C,R,E目标下的R,E目标函数和优化模型,并对此模型进行分析,得到一种基于绿色制造的金属切削用量（v,f,ap）的选择方法。     

14MnNbq钢焊接接头低周疲劳性能

对三种焊接方式;手弧焊,CO2气体保护焊和Ar气体保护焊的14MnNbq风焊接头进行了低周疲劳试验,表明焊缝金属比母材有较大的强化,在低应变幅值时,CO2气体保护焊显示出较高寿命,在高应变幅值时,Ar气体保护焊疲劳寿命高一些。     

过碳酸钠的热分解反应动力学

以 Coats和 Redfern线性化简单图解法对加入稳定剂和未加稳定剂的过碳酸钠热分解过程中的动力学特征参数进行了计算。结果表明 ,过碳酸钠热分解的反应级数为 0 .2 ,加入稳定剂与不加稳定剂的样品的活化能分别为 1 83.9k J/mol、1 62 .5k J/mol,频率因子为 2 .1 5× 1 0 2 0 s-1和9.1 2× 1 0 18s-1。由热分解动力学参数可以看出 ,加入稳定剂的产品比不加稳定剂的产品稳定性好     

湘江长沙段土壤和沉积物重金属污染模糊评价及污染源分析

通过对湘江长沙段土壤和沉积物中重金属(As、Pb、Cd、Cr、Hg)质量分数的调查,运用模糊综合评价法对该段土壤和沉积物中重金属污染状况进行了评价.研究结果表明:湘江长沙段土壤和沉积物重金属污染严重,土壤主要污染元素为Cd、Hg,沉积物主要污染元素为Cd、As、Pb.通过聚类分析,可将这5种重金属按来源分为三大类,第一类为Pb、As;第二类为Cd、Hg;第三类为Cr.同时以TiO2为基准,结合粒度效应分析,对该地区的沉积物重金属污染源进行了判别.结果表明:湘江长沙段沉积物中重金属As、Pb的来源为人为源和自然源的混合源;Cd、Hg、Cr污染的来源主要为人为源.     

Carbon loss from an unprecedented Arctic tundra wildfire

Arctic tundra soils store large amounts of carbon (C) in organic soil layers hundreds to thousands of years old that insulate, and in some cases maintain, permafrost soils. Fire has been largely absent from most of this biome since the early Holocene epoch, but its frequency and extent are increasing, probably in response to climate warming. The effect of fires on the C balance of tundra landscapes, however, remains largely unknown. The Anaktuvuk River fire in 2007 burned 1,039 square kilometres of Alaska's Arctic slope, making it the largest fire on record for the tundra biome and doubling the cumulative area burned since 1950 (ref. 5). Here we report that tundra ecosystems lost 2,016?±?435?g?C?m(-2) in the fire, an amount two orders of magnitude larger than annual net C exchange in undisturbed tundra. Sixty per cent of this C loss was from soil organic matter, and radiocarbon dating of residual soil layers revealed that the maximum age of soil C lost was 50 years. Scaled to the entire burned area, the fire released approximately 2.1?teragrams of C to the atmosphere, an amount similar in magnitude to the annual net C sink for the entire Arctic tundra biome averaged over the last quarter of the twentieth century. The magnitude of ecosystem C lost by fire, relative to both ecosystem and biome-scale fluxes, demonstrates that a climate-driven increase in tundra fire disturbance may represent a positive feedback, potentially offsetting Arctic greening and influencing the net C balance of the tundra biome.     

大学物理分层次教学的研究与实践

论述了大学物理课实施分层次教学的目的、意义和分层次教学所要达到的目标.就分层次教学体系的组织及教学内容和教学方法提出了实施方案,最后对分层次教学存在的问题进行了分析探讨.教学实践表明,分层次教学可以提高学生的学习兴趣,避免学生成绩两极分化,有利于提高教学质量.     

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation by anammox bacteria in the Black Sea

The availability of fixed inorganic nitrogen (nitrate, nitrite and ammonium) limits primary productivity in many oceanic regions. The conversion of nitrate to N2 by heterotrophic bacteria (denitrification) is believed to be the only important sink for fixed inorganic nitrogen in the ocean. Here we provide evidence for bacteria that anaerobically oxidize ammonium with nitrite to N2 in the world's largest anoxic basin, the Black Sea. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences shows that these bacteria are related to members of the order Planctomycetales performing the anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) process in ammonium-removing bioreactors. Nutrient profiles, fluorescently labelled RNA probes, 15N tracer experiments and the distribution of specific 'ladderane' membrane lipids indicate that ammonium diffusing upwards from the anoxic deep water is consumed by anammox bacteria below the oxic zone. This is the first time that anammox bacteria have been identified and directly linked to the removal of fixed inorganic nitrogen in the environment. The widespread occurrence of ammonium consumption in suboxic marine settings indicates that anammox might be important in the oceanic nitrogen cycle.     

混合动力汽车控制策略研究现状及发展趋势

混合动力汽车的控制策略及结构决定了整车的行驶性能。根据蓄电池组的荷电状态变化情况,对混合动力汽车的结构型式进行了分类,并对并联型和串联型混合动力汽车控制策略研究现状及其发展趋势进行了分析,指出混合动力汽车的控制策略不十分完善,需要进一步优化。控制策略不仅仅要实现整车最佳的燃油经济性,同时还要兼顾发动机排放、蓄电池寿命、驾驶性能、各部件可靠性及整车成本等多方面要求,并针对混合动力汽车各部件的特性和汽车的运行工况,使发动机、电机、蓄电 池和传动系统实现最佳匹配,兼顾了上述各方面要求的优化控制策略的研究是今后的一个研究重点。还指出,采用小功率电机、小排量发动机配以自动无级变速器的并联型混合动力汽车,是获得较高的燃油经济性、较小的排放、平稳的驾驶性能、较低的制造成本及质量的一种比较理想蝗系统型式。