Scavenger receptor family proteins: roles for atherosclerosis, host defence and disorders of the central nervous system

In this review, we summarize the structure and function of the scavenger receptor family of proteins including class A (type I and II macrophage scavenger receptors, MARCO), class B (CD36, scavenger receptor class BI), mucinlike (CD68/macrosialin, dSR-CI) and endothelial (LOX-1) receptors. Two motifs have been identified as ligand-binding domains a charged collagen structure of type I and II receptors, and an immunodominant domain of CD36. These structures can recognize a wide range of negatively charged macromolecules, including oxidized low-density lipoproteins, damaged or apoptotic cells, and pathogenic microorganisms. After binding, these ligands can be either internalized by endocytosis or phagocytosis, or remain at the cell surface and mediate adhesion or lipid transfer through caveolae. Under physiological conditions, scavenger receptors serve to scavenge or clean up cellular debris and other related materials, and they play a role in host defence. In pathological states, they mediate the recruitment, activation and transformation of macrophages and other cells which may be related to the development of atherosclerosis and to disorders caused by the accumulation of denatured materials, such as Alzheimer's disease. Received 17 September 1997; received after revision 16 March 1998; accepted 17 March 1998     

多机组空调系统部分负荷下的节能策略研究

针对冷水机组大部分时间都是在部分负荷下运行的现状，提出了一种多机组空调系统并联的节能策略．运用模型仿真和试验验证手段研究节能优化运行策略对机组性能改善效果．试验结果表明：当机组由100％负荷降为50％负荷时，机组的冷凝温度由47．2℃下降到42．5℃，蒸发温度由2．2℃上升到3．5℃，COP值提高9．5％．从而表明该节能策略对多机组空调系统在部分负荷下的性能改善具有较大潜力．同时针对试验结果与仿真结果存在的差距，分析了产生的原因并提出了进一步的改进措施．     

Conversion of mdx myofibres from dystrophin-negative to -positive by injection of normal myoblasts

An important corollary to the recent advances in our understanding of the primary cause of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, is the validation of genuine genetic homologues as animal models of the disease in which potential therapies can be tested. The persistent skeletal muscle necrosis that characterizes human Duchenne muscular dystrophy is also seen in the mdx mouse and is, in both, a consequence of a deficiency of dystrophin, probably within the muscle fibres themselves. As injected muscle precursor cells of one genotype can fuse with host muscle fibres of a different genotype and express the donor genes, we decided to test grafts of normal muscle precursor cells to see if they could induce synthesis of dystrophin in innately dystrophin-deficient mdx muscle fibres. We show that injected normal muscle precursor cells can fuse with pre-existing or regenerating mdx muscle fibres to render many of these fibres dystrophin-positive and so to partially or wholly rescue them from their biochemical defect.     

Effect of high anodic polarization on the passive layer properties of superduplex stainless steel friction stir welds at different chloride electrolyte pH values and temperatures

The conditions used for friction stir welding of duplex stainless steels determine the resulting mechanical and corrosion performance of the material.This study investigates the corrosion resistance of UNS S32750 and S32760 superduplex stainless steels(SDSSs)joined by friction stir welding,employing cyclic polarization,Mott–Schottky,and microscopy techniques for analysis.The microscopy images indicated the presence of a deleterious intermetallic phase after electrolytic etching of S32760,as well as decreased corrosion resistance.The presence of molybdenum in the steels promoted better passive behavior at low pH.The Mott–Schottky curves revealed p-n heterojunction behavior of the passive oxide.Images acquired after the polarization test by scanning electron microscopy showed higher passivation propensity with increases of temperature and pH.     

Insulin gene enhancer binding protein Isl-1 is a member of a novel class of proteins containing both a homeo- and a Cys-His domain.

The activity of the rat insulin I gene enhancer is mainly dependent on two cis-acting protein-binding domains. Here we report the isolation of a complementary DNA encoding a protein, Isl-1, that binds to one of these domains. Isl-1 contains a homeodomain with greatest similarity to those of the Caenorhabditis elegans proteins encoded by mec-3 and lin-11. In addition, Isl-1, like the lin-11 and mec-3 gene products, contains a novel Cys-His domain which is reminiscent of known metal-binding regions. Together these proteins define a novel class of proteins containing both a homeo- and a Cys His-domain. Isl-1 is preferentially expressed in cells of pancreatic endocrine origin. If the structural homologies between Isl-1 and the C. elegans gene products reflect functional similarities, a role for Isl-1 in the development of pancreatic endocrine cells could be envisaged.     

Mate choice and male competition inOrchesella cincta (Collembola)

Summary Both male and femaleOrchesella cincta (Collembola) were able to discriminate between spermatophores of different origin. Females chose spermatophores deposited by closely related males while males preferentially destroyed spermatophores of other males.     

火灾报警系统的研究

介绍了火灾报警系统的硬件设置与软件设计原理，讨论了该系统安装调试过程中的有关技术问题，阐述了对该系统进行的模拟联动试验，证明该系统的技术是先进的，工作是可靠的，每个工作环节都准确无误。     

PAX6 haploinsufficiency causes cerebral malformation and olfactory dysfunction in humans.

PAX6 is widely expressed in the central nervous system. Heterozygous PAX6 mutations in human aniridia cause defects that would seem to be confined to the eye. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and smell testing reveal the absence or hypoplasia of the anterior commissure and reduced olfaction in a large proportion of aniridia cases, which shows that PAX6 haploinsuffiency causes more widespread human neuro developmental anomalies.     

21世纪计算机安全

计算机安全问题已经成为21世纪最为关注的问题之一。2003年12月在中国台北举办了一系列关于计算机安全的学术研讨会，来自美国及亚太地区的一些专家学者就当前计算机安全方面的关键技术及研究方向进行了深人的讨论和交流。本书汇集了会议中最优秀的学术论文，堪称当前计算机安全领域里最前沿的知识荟萃。     

Insulin acts on the hypothalamic glucose-facilitated neurons to induce hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in the rat

Microinjection of insulin (0.04-0.12 IU/microliter) into the anterior hypothalamus or the lateral hypothalamus, but not the ventromedial hypothalamus of the rat brain, caused a dose-dependent rise in blood glucose and in serum insulin. The majority (71.5%) of the glucose-facilitated neurons recorded in the lateral hypothalamic area were excited by intracerebral injection of insulin. The data indicate that insulin acts on the hypothalamic glucose-facilitated neurons to induce hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. It is unknown whether insulin normally reaches the hypothalamic area, or how it might do so.