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991.
Transcriptional control. Scissors and helical forks 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
992.
Indoxyl derivatives were detected as minor products among the urinary metabolites of two trial drugs, a benzodiazepine (GP 55 129) and a benzophenone (CGP 11 952). Their structures were elucidated by NMR and mass spectroscopy. Presumably, metabolites containing potential aldehyde functions react spontaneously with endogenous indoxyl. Such derivatives have not hitherto been encountered in drug metabolism. 相似文献
993.
994.
995.
T. Garland Jr A. F. Bennett C. B. Daniels 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1990,46(5):530-533
Summary Locomotor capacities and their physiological bases are thought to be of considerable selective importance in natural populations. Within this functional complex, organismal performance traits (e.g., speed, stamina) are expected to be of more direct selective importance than their suborganismal determinants (e.g., heart size). Quantitative genetics theory predicts that traits of greater selective importance should generally have lower heritabilities at equilibrium. Contrary to these expectations, we report that organismal performance traits had the highest heritabilities in a natural population of garter snakes. 相似文献
996.
Enhancement of LFA-1-mediated cell adhesion by triggering through CD2 or CD3 on T lymphocytes 总被引:61,自引:0,他引:61
Y van Kooyk P van de Wiel-van Kemenade P Weder T W Kuijpers C G Figdor 《Nature》1989,342(6251):811-813
The lymphocyte function-associated molecule LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18) plays a key part in lymphocyte adhesion. Lymphocytes do not adhere spontaneously; activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by phorbol esters, however, gives rise to strong LFA-1-dependent adhesion, indicating that activation of LFA-1 is required to induce cell adhesion. We have now investigated whether the functionally important CD2 and CD3 surface structures on T lymphocytes are involved in the activation of LFA-1. The stimulation of these molecules, which causes activation of PKC, strongly promoted LFA-1-dependent adhesion. Furthermore, we demonstrate by using cells from an LFA-1-deficient patient that this enhanced lymphocyte adhesion is caused by activation of the LFA-1 molecule and not by activation of its ligands. LFA-1 was persistently activated by triggering through CD2 but only transiently by triggering through CD3. We postulate that CD2 and CD3 can differentially regulate the affinity of LFA-1 for its ligands by modulating its molecular conformation through PKC-dependent mechanisms. 相似文献
997.
Peripheral nervous system myelin is an extension of the Schwann cell's plasma membrane that tightly enwraps axons in many layers and permits nerve impulses to be rapidly conducted. It is not known how these multiple membrane layers are held together in this compact form. Here we present evidence supporting the hypothesis that the extracellular leaflets of myelin are held together by the most abundant protein of myelin of the peripheral nervous system, P0, by homophilic interaction of its extracellular domains. Transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing P0 protein adhere to each other in suspension, to form large aggregates, whereas cells that are identical but which do not express P0 do not. We also show that this aggregation is mediated by homophilic binding between P0-expressing cells and that the apposing plasma membranes of these cells specifically form desmosomes, whereas control transfected cells do not. As the only difference between the two cell populations is the expression of P0, this protein is apparently responsible for the changes in morphology and adhesion in the cells that express it. The idea that P0 is a homophilic adhesion molecule is supported by its inclusion in the immunoglobulin supergene family, all members of which are involved in recognition and/or adhesion. 相似文献
998.
999.
P Schoch J G Richards P H?ring B Takacs C St?hli T Staehelin W Haefely H M?hler 《Nature》1985,314(6007):168-171
The most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), exerts its main effects via a GABAA receptor that gates a chloride channel in the subsynaptic membrane. These receptors can contain a modulatory unit, the benzodiazepine receptor, through which ligands of different chemical classes can increase or decrease GABAA receptor function. We have now visualized a GABAA receptor in mammalian brain using monoclonal antibodies. The protein complex recognized by the antibodies contained high- and low-affinity binding sites for GABA as well as binding sites for benzodiazepines, indicative of a GABAA receptor functionally associated with benzodiazepine receptors. As the pattern of brain immunoreactivity corresponds to the autoradiographical distribution of benzodiazepine binding sites, most benzodiazepine receptors seem to be part of GABAA receptors. Two constituent proteins were identified immunologically. Because the monoclonal antibodies cross-react with human brain, they provide a means for elucidating those CNS disorders which may be linked to a dysfunction of a GABAA receptor. 相似文献
1000.
Synthesis of brome mosaic virus subgenomic RNA in vitro by internal initiation on (-)-sense genomic RNA 总被引:37,自引:0,他引:37
The genomes of many (+)-stranded RNA viruses, including plant viruses and alphaviruses, consist of polycistronic RNAs whose internal genes are expressed via subgenomic messenger RNAs. The mechanism(s) by which these subgenomic mRNAs arise are poorly understood. Based on indirect evidence, three models have been proposed: (1) internal initiation by the replicase on the (-)-strand of genomic RNA, (2) premature termination during (-)-strand synthesis, followed by independent replication of the subgenomic RNA and (3) processing by nuclease cleavage of genome-length RNA. Using an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (replicase) preparation from barley leaves infected with brome mosaic virus (BMV) to synthesize the viral subgenomic RNA in vitro, we now provide evidence that subgenomic RNA arises by internal initiation on the (-)-strand of genomic RNA. We believe that this also represents the first in vitro demonstration of a replicase from a eukaryotic (+)-stranded RNA virus capable of initiating synthesis of (+)-sense RNA. 相似文献