Ultrathin compound semiconductor on insulator layers for high-performance nanoscale transistors

Over the past several years, the inherent scaling limitations of silicon (Si) electron devices have fuelled the exploration of alternative semiconductors, with high carrier mobility, to further enhance device performance. In particular, compound semiconductors heterogeneously integrated on Si substrates have been actively studied: such devices combine the high mobility of III-V semiconductors and the well established, low-cost processing of Si technology. This integration, however, presents significant challenges. Conventionally, heteroepitaxial growth of complex multilayers on Si has been explored-but besides complexity, high defect densities and junction leakage currents present limitations in this approach. Motivated by this challenge, here we use an epitaxial transfer method for the integration of ultrathin layers of single-crystal InAs on Si/SiO(2) substrates. As a parallel with silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology, we use 'XOI' to represent our compound semiconductor-on-insulator platform. Through experiments and simulation, the electrical properties of InAs XOI transistors are explored, elucidating the critical role of quantum confinement in the transport properties of ultrathin XOI layers. Importantly, a high-quality InAs/dielectric interface is obtained by the use of a novel thermally grown interfacial InAsO(x) layer (~1?nm thick). The fabricated field-effect transistors exhibit a peak transconductance of ~1.6?mS?μm(-1) at a drain-source voltage of 0.5?V, with an on/off current ratio of greater than 10,000.     

Molybdenite alkali fusion and leaching: reactions and mechanism

The production of MoO₃ from Sarcheshmeh molybdenite concentrate via a pyro-hydrometallurgical process was studied. The molybdenite concentrate and sodium carbonate were premixed and fused under air atmosphere. Then the fused products were leached in water and the dissolved molybdenum was recovered as ammonium molybdate. The ammonium molybdate was then calcined to produce molybdic oxide. At the fusion stage, the effect of the mass ratio of carbonate to sulfide on the reaction products and the solubility of the products was investigated. The results show that during the fusion, sodium molybdate and sodium sulfate are the final reaction products and sodium sulfide is detected as an intermediate reaction product. By melting at 850℃ with 5wt% excess carbonate, the maximum solubility of the products is obtained. The molybdenum is recovered from the solutions as ammonium molybdate.     

某些拟环的分解定理

得到了满足下列任何一个条件时拟环的分解定理： (1) xy=y^m(xy)^pyⁿ; (2) xy=y^m(yx)^pyⁿ, 这里m=m(x,y)≥0, n=n(x,y)≥0, 且p=p(x,y)>1是整数.     

自动对焦综合性能指标及一种基于双向两次下降的自动对焦算法

为了改善经典爬山法的性能同时进行算法综合性能评价,提出基于双向两次下降的自动对焦算法和一种综合性能评价指标。首先,根据清晰度评价值的大小确定初始对焦方向。接着,以变化步长方式搜索,直至出现清晰度评价值下降。然后,按照双向两次下降法确定是否处于评价函数波峰的下降位置。最后,以单步长方式在检测到的波峰下降位置处搜索波峰位置即为对焦目标位置。在用18倍数字高清摄像机采集的两个图像序列中比较了本文方法和几种经典的对焦算法的性能差别,实验结果表明:提出的方法在平均过冲步数和平均行程步数这两个指标上具有明显优势,并且在其他分项评价指标上没有明显的短板,其综合性能评价指标为0.98,高于爬山法、改进爬山法、全局搜索法和二分搜索法等算法的综合性能评价指标值。     

一类非Liénard型三次系统的极限环问题

本文讨论了一类非L iénard型三次系统的极限环问题.首先对二次系统情况我们给出了补充中心充要条件的一个例子.其次将此系统化成L iénard系统后设法证明了极限环的惟一性.最后利用广义Hopf分支定理说明此系统可具有两个极限环.     

Application of Quality of Experience in Networked Services: Review,Trend & Perspectives

Over the last decade, there has been an exponential growth of services over the Internet. Services such as online gaming are gaining popularity, whereas, Voice over Internet (VoIP) has been well established. Storage, management and processing of data have moved away from the devices to the cloud. Quality of experience (QoE) defined as the user’s perception of service quality is utilized in different technologies, services and products for improving end user satisfaction and provides quality of service (QoS) according to their demands. In this paper, we describe the utilization of QoE in different technologies, services and products for improving end user satisfaction. Specifically, we present the latest developments in QoE in multimedia services, network management, VoIP, web development, games and cloud computing. Finally, we discuss the current research, solutions and present open issues of future research in QoE.

     

Marine biodiversity on the Algerian Continental Shelf (Mediterranean Sea)

The Mediterranean Sea is known as a biodiversity hot spot, with 16,848 species reported. Biodiversity is higher in coastal areas and decreases with depth. However, knowledge about the southwestern sector remains scarce. For the last three decades, sampling of soft-bottom communities along the 1180 km of the shallow Algerian coast (0–136 m) has recorded 1642 macrobenthic species. There is a decreasing west–east species-richness gradient, especially for the total species richness and the amphipods. In addition, quantitative sampling in Bou Ismail Bay in summer 1988 (98 sampling sites for a total of 841 species) shows that diversity indices (i.e. species richness, >100 species for 0.2 m^?2; Shannon diversity, >6.0; and ES₅₀, >34) are among the highest for similar sand and muddy-fine sand communities in the Mediterranean Sea and the northeastern Atlantic Ocean. Bou Ismail Bay appears to have the highest species richness among Algerian bays, probably because of its variety of benthic habitats and the absence of significant pollution in this area. Monitoring must be undertaken to survey this high biodiversity, and a national strategy should be proposed to preserve high diversity zones.     

Seven prostate cancer susceptibility loci identified by a multi-stage genome-wide association study

Prostate cancer (PrCa) is the most frequently diagnosed male cancer in developed countries. We conducted a multi-stage genome-wide association study for PrCa and previously reported the results of the first two stages, which identified 16 PrCa susceptibility loci. We report here the results of stage 3, in which we evaluated 1,536 SNPs in 4,574 individuals with prostate cancer (cases) and 4,164 controls. We followed up ten new association signals through genotyping in 51,311 samples in 30 studies from the Prostate Cancer Association Group to Investigate Cancer Associated Alterations in the Genome (PRACTICAL) consortium. In addition to replicating previously reported loci, we identified seven new prostate cancer susceptibility loci on chromosomes 2p11, 3q23, 3q26, 5p12, 6p21, 12q13 and Xq12 (P = 4.0 × 10(-8) to P = 2.7 × 10(-24)). We also identified a SNP in TERT more strongly associated with PrCa than that previously reported. More than 40 PrCa susceptibility loci, explaining ～25% of the familial risk in this disease, have now been identified.