欧当归原生质体再生植株

从继代后3～5天的欧当归幼叶胚性细胞悬浮系游离的原生质体,分别以KM8P、MS、改良MS、NT、D2、DPD及B5为基本培养基进行浅层液体培养,以改良MS进行平板培养和固液双层培养。在激素组合和浓度(2.4-D0.2mg/l,KT0.5mg/l,NAA1.0mg/l)及渗透稳定剂(0.5M甘露醇)相同的条件下,在KM8P中的植板率(40％)显著高于其它培养基中的植板率(0—15％)。在KM8P中(0.35M葡萄糖作渗透稳定剂),不同激素组合及浓度植板率不相同,上述激素组合中最高(50％)。葡萄糖作渗透稳定剂时0.3M优于0.4M,同时优于相同浓度的甘露醇和蔗糖。改良MS浅层培养和双层培养植板率几乎相同(15％),而平板培养银低(1％)。在KM8P中(激素同上,0.35M葡萄糖,CH250mg/l,CM 10ml/l),25天后原生质体形成肉眼可见的小愈伤组织。及时转移到固体愈伤组织增殖培养基上,诱导出胚性和非胚性两种愈伤组织,分别转移到分化培养基上后,两者分別通过体细胞胚胎发生和器官发生途径获得了完整再生植株。     

一种装饰性彩色电镀工艺

术文提出了一种适用于铜及其合金的无氰装饰性彩色电镀新工艺,经试验筛选获得稳定,无毒的镀液配方。探讨了镀层颜色与镀液温度,镀液PH值及电镀时间的关系.研究了电镀电流密度对镀层保护性能的影响,得出最佳电镀条件是:温度范围25～30℃,PH值范围11.5～12.5,电流密度0.5mAcm~(-2),镀层颜色依时间而定。镀层保护性能良好。     

Magnetic vortex core reversal by excitation with short bursts of an alternating field

The vortex state, characterized by a curling magnetization, is one of the equilibrium configurations of soft magnetic materials and occurs in thin ferromagnetic square and disk-shaped elements of micrometre size and below. The interplay between the magnetostatic and the exchange energy favours an in-plane, closed flux domain structure. This curling magnetization turns out of the plane at the centre of the vortex structure, in an area with a radius of about 10 nanometres--the vortex core. The vortex state has a specific excitation mode: the in-plane gyration of the vortex structure about its equilibrium position. The sense of gyration is determined by the vortex core polarization. Here we report on the controlled manipulation of the vortex core polarization by excitation with small bursts of an alternating magnetic field. The vortex motion was imaged by time-resolved scanning transmission X-ray microscopy. We demonstrate that the sense of gyration of the vortex structure can be reversed by applying short bursts of the sinusoidal excitation field with amplitude of about 1.5 mT. This reversal unambiguously indicates a switching of the out-of-plane core polarization. The observed switching mechanism, which can be understood in the framework of micromagnetic theory, gives insights into basic magnetization dynamics and their possible application in data storage.     

智能控制中的定性与定量综合集成方法的研究

定性与定量的综合集成是智能控制中所要解决的关键问题之一。本文利用面向对象的思想,研究了智能控制系统的广义知识模型,并以此为基础,提出了智能控制中定性与定量的综合集成方法及具体实施策略。应用结果验证了这种方法的可实施性和有效性,为智能控制系统中异构型知识基于系统的无缝集成提供了基础。     

Dynamics of phytoplankton and picoplankton over a tidal cycle in a subtropical lagoon

The influences of a tidal cycle on the distribution of autotrophic plankton were investigated in a hyper-eutrophic lagoon designated as a scenic area. Results showed that the highest concentrations of picoplankton and phytoplankton were found in the middle and inner part of the lagoon, irrespective of the tides. The MDS result also revealed that phytoplankton communities, dominated by Ceratium furca, were similar among stations in the inner bay during both flood tides and ebb tides. The time series sampling results at the inlet-outlet channel revealed that almost the same amounts of phytoplankton and picoplankton were carried through the channel during flood and ebb tides, with no trend in nutrient fluctuations except for phosphate which had a net loss from the lagoon. The results showed that tidal cycles do not effectively flush away phytoplankton and picoplankton from the lagoon, and the blooming of phyto- and picoplankton is inevitable should the situation stay the same. Steps are needed to alleviate the eutrophication condition instead of depending on the natural process such as tidal cycle.     

A model for estimating the viscosity of blast furnace slags with optical basicity

Viscosity is an important physical property of blast furnace slags and has a great influence on blast furnace operations. Because of time consumption and difficulties encountered during high temperature experimental measurement, viscosity data are also limited, so a reasonable and accurate estimation model is required to provide the data for controlling and optimizing the blast furnace process. In the present study a viscosity model was proposed for blast furnace slags. In the model the activation energy was calculated by the optical basicity corrected for cations required for the charge compensation of AlO₄5-, and the temperature dependence was described by the Weymann-Frenkel equation. The estimated viscosity values of the CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂, CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-MgO, and CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-MgO-TiO₂ systems fit well with experiment data, with the mean deviation less than 25%.     

Combustion characteristics and kinetics of anthracite with added chlorine

The combustion process of Yangquan anthracite (YQ) with the addition of 0.045wt%, 0.211wt%, 1.026wt%, and 2.982wt% chlorine was investigated using a thermogravimetric method from an ambient temperature to 1173 K in an air atmosphere. Results show that the YQ combustion characteristics are not significantly affected by an increase in chlorine content. Data acquired for combustion conversion are then further processed for kinetic analysis. Average apparent activation energies determined using the model-free method (specifically the KAS method) are 103.025, 110.250, 99.906, and 110.641 kJ/mol, respectively, and the optimal kinetic model for describing the combustion process of chlorine-containing YQ is the nucleation kinetic model, as determined by the z(α) master plot method. The mechanism function of the nucleation kinetic model is then employed to estimate the pre-exponential factor, by making use of the compensation effect. The kinetic models to describe chlorine-containing YQ combustion are thus obtained through advanced determination of the optimal mechanism function, average apparent activation energy, and the pre-exponential factor.     

Topography,structure, and formation kinetic mechanism of carbon deposited onto nickel in the temperature range from 400 to 850℃

The carbon deposition behavior on nickel particles was observed within the temperature range from 400 to 800℃ in a pure methane atmosphere. The topography, properties, and molecular structure of the deposited carbon were investigated using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) technology, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. The deposited carbon is present in the form of a film at 400-450℃, as fibers at 500-600℃, and as particles at 650-800℃. In addition, the structure of the deposited carbon becomes more ordered at higher temperatures because both the TPO peak temperature of deposited carbon and the Raman shift of the G band increase with the increase in experimental temperature, whereas the intensity ratio between the D bands and the G band decreases. An interesting observation is that the carbon deposition rate is suppressed in the medium-temperature range (M-T range) and the corresponding kinetic mechanism changes. Correspondingly, the FWHM of the G and D1 bands in the Raman spectrum reaches a maximum and the intensities of the D2, D3, and D4 bands decrease to low limits in the M-T range. These results indicate that carbon structure parameters exhibit two different tendencies with respect to varying temperature. Both of the two group parameters change dramatically as a peak function with increasing reaction temperature within the M-T range.     

三角模糊数的立方根及在模糊系统上的应用

以往的文献很少讨论模糊数的立方根表示和成员关系函数.模糊数的立方根能够用来解决模糊控制系统中的一些问题.本文新提出了一种三角模糊数的立方根代表值和隶属度函数.最后,作为一个数值示例,模糊数的立方根被应用到一个模糊系统例子中.