全文获取类型
收费全文 | 8488篇 |
免费 | 153篇 |
国内免费 | 112篇 |
专业分类
系统科学 | 101篇 |
丛书文集 | 109篇 |
教育与普及 | 21篇 |
理论与方法论 | 20篇 |
现状及发展 | 3356篇 |
研究方法 | 410篇 |
综合类 | 4653篇 |
自然研究 | 83篇 |
出版年
2016年 | 70篇 |
2015年 | 61篇 |
2014年 | 93篇 |
2013年 | 86篇 |
2012年 | 165篇 |
2011年 | 262篇 |
2010年 | 113篇 |
2009年 | 114篇 |
2008年 | 235篇 |
2007年 | 237篇 |
2006年 | 190篇 |
2005年 | 195篇 |
2004年 | 298篇 |
2003年 | 162篇 |
2002年 | 169篇 |
2001年 | 332篇 |
2000年 | 315篇 |
1999年 | 224篇 |
1992年 | 118篇 |
1991年 | 123篇 |
1990年 | 106篇 |
1989年 | 99篇 |
1988年 | 107篇 |
1987年 | 120篇 |
1986年 | 114篇 |
1985年 | 158篇 |
1984年 | 121篇 |
1983年 | 98篇 |
1982年 | 84篇 |
1981年 | 116篇 |
1980年 | 109篇 |
1979年 | 251篇 |
1978年 | 198篇 |
1977年 | 183篇 |
1976年 | 137篇 |
1975年 | 158篇 |
1974年 | 209篇 |
1973年 | 173篇 |
1972年 | 193篇 |
1971年 | 212篇 |
1970年 | 273篇 |
1969年 | 209篇 |
1968年 | 188篇 |
1967年 | 210篇 |
1966年 | 181篇 |
1965年 | 144篇 |
1958年 | 105篇 |
1957年 | 76篇 |
1956年 | 73篇 |
1954年 | 74篇 |
排序方式: 共有8753条查询结果,搜索用时 218 毫秒
201.
Twigger SN Pruitt KD Fernández-Suárez XM Karolchik D Worley KC Maglott DR Brown G Weinstock G Gibbs RA Kent J Birney E Jacob HJ 《Nature genetics》2008,40(5):523-527
It has been four years since the original publication of the draft sequence of the rat genome. Five groups are now working together to assemble, annotate and release an updated version of the rat genome. As the prevailing model for physiology, complex disease and pharmacological studies, there is an acute need for the rat's genomic resources to keep pace with the rat's prominence in the laboratory. In this commentary, we describe the current status of the rat genome sequence and the plans for its impending 'upgrade'. We then cover the key online resources providing access to the rat genome, including the new SNP views at Ensembl, the RefSeq and Genes databases at the US National Center for Biotechnology Information, Genome Browser at the University of California Santa Cruz and the disease portals for cardiovascular disease and obesity at the Rat Genome Database. 相似文献
202.
Vitart V Rudan I Hayward C Gray NK Floyd J Palmer CN Knott SA Kolcic I Polasek O Graessler J Wilson JF Marinaki A Riches PL Shu X Janicijevic B Smolej-Narancic N Gorgoni B Morgan J Campbell S Biloglav Z Barac-Lauc L Pericic M Klaric IM Zgaga L Skaric-Juric T Wild SH Richardson WA Hohenstein P Kimber CH Tenesa A Donnelly LA Fairbanks LD Aringer M McKeigue PM Ralston SH Morris AD Rudan P Hastie ND Campbell H Wright AF 《Nature genetics》2008,40(4):437-442
Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism in humans and great apes, which have lost hepatic uricase activity, leading to uniquely high serum uric acid concentrations (200-500 microM) compared with other mammals (3-120 microM). About 70% of daily urate disposal occurs via the kidneys, and in 5-25% of the human population, impaired renal excretion leads to hyperuricemia. About 10% of people with hyperuricemia develop gout, an inflammatory arthritis that results from deposition of monosodium urate crystals in the joint. We have identified genetic variants within a transporter gene, SLC2A9, that explain 1.7-5.3% of the variance in serum uric acid concentrations, following a genome-wide association scan in a Croatian population sample. SLC2A9 variants were also associated with low fractional excretion of uric acid and/or gout in UK, Croatian and German population samples. SLC2A9 is a known fructose transporter, and we now show that it has strong uric acid transport activity in Xenopus laevis oocytes. 相似文献
203.
Horlings HM Bergamaschi A Nordgard SH Kim YH Han W Noh DY Salari K Joosse SA Reyal F Lingjaerde OC Kristensen VN Børresen-Dale AL Pollack J van de Vijver MJ 《Nature genetics》2008,40(7):809; author reply 810-809; author reply 812
204.
Meta-analysis of genome-wide association data and large-scale replication identifies additional susceptibility loci for type 2 diabetes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zeggini E Scott LJ Saxena R Voight BF Marchini JL Hu T de Bakker PI Abecasis GR Almgren P Andersen G Ardlie K Boström KB Bergman RN Bonnycastle LL Borch-Johnsen K Burtt NP Chen H Chines PS Daly MJ Deodhar P Ding CJ Doney AS Duren WL Elliott KS Erdos MR Frayling TM Freathy RM Gianniny L Grallert H Grarup N Groves CJ Guiducci C Hansen T Herder C Hitman GA Hughes TE Isomaa B Jackson AU Jørgensen T Kong A Kubalanza K Kuruvilla FG Kuusisto J Langenberg C Lango H Lauritzen T Li Y Lindgren CM 《Nature genetics》2008,40(5):638-645
Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have identified multiple loci at which common variants modestly but reproducibly influence risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Established associations to common and rare variants explain only a small proportion of the heritability of T2D. As previously published analyses had limited power to identify variants with modest effects, we carried out meta-analysis of three T2D GWA scans comprising 10,128 individuals of European descent and approximately 2.2 million SNPs (directly genotyped and imputed), followed by replication testing in an independent sample with an effective sample size of up to 53,975. We detected at least six previously unknown loci with robust evidence for association, including the JAZF1 (P = 5.0 x 10(-14)), CDC123-CAMK1D (P = 1.2 x 10(-10)), TSPAN8-LGR5 (P = 1.1 x 10(-9)), THADA (P = 1.1 x 10(-9)), ADAMTS9 (P = 1.2 x 10(-8)) and NOTCH2 (P = 4.1 x 10(-8)) gene regions. Our results illustrate the value of large discovery and follow-up samples for gaining further insights into the inherited basis of T2D. 相似文献
205.
Haigis KM Kendall KR Wang Y Cheung A Haigis MC Glickman JN Niwa-Kawakita M Sweet-Cordero A Sebolt-Leopold J Shannon KM Settleman J Giovannini M Jacks T 《Nature genetics》2008,40(5):600-608
Kras is commonly mutated in colon cancers, but mutations in Nras are rare. We have used genetically engineered mice to determine whether and how these related oncogenes regulate homeostasis and tumorigenesis in the colon. Expression of K-Ras(G12D) in the colonic epithelium stimulated hyperproliferation in a Mek-dependent manner. N-Ras(G12D) did not alter the growth properties of the epithelium, but was able to confer resistance to apoptosis. In the context of an Apc-mutant colonic tumor, activation of K-Ras led to defects in terminal differentiation and expansion of putative stem cells within the tumor epithelium. This K-Ras tumor phenotype was associated with attenuated signaling through the MAPK pathway, and human colon cancer cells expressing mutant K-Ras were hypersensitive to inhibition of Raf, but not Mek. These studies demonstrate clear phenotypic differences between mutant Kras and Nras, and suggest that the oncogenic phenotype of mutant K-Ras might be mediated by noncanonical signaling through Ras effector pathways. 相似文献
206.
207.
应用大型通用有限元分析软件Ansys,对船用涡轮增压器轴进行强度分析.取最大扭矩工况作为该轴计算工况,对其载荷进行计算,通过实体建模、有限元求解,分析其在最大扭矩工况下不同截面上的应力分布情况.计算结果表明:涡轮增压器轴满足强度条件,为该轴的安全工作提供可靠的理论依据. 相似文献
208.
脱硫催化剂的酸法制备及性能研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
对用酸法进行催化剂制备,酸法制备的最佳镁铝比,分散介质的优化,引入对脱催化剂的氧化性能和还原性能的影响。以及实验室的还原温度等诸方面进行了研究。 相似文献
209.
210.