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51.
During the evolution of proteins the pressure to optimize biological activity is moderated by a need for efficient folding. For most proteins, this is accomplished through spontaneous folding to a thermodynamically stable and active native state. However, in the extracellular bacterial alpha-lytic protease (alphaLP) these two processes have become decoupled. The native state of alphaLP is thermodynamically unstable, and when denatured, requires millennia (t1/2 approximately 1,800 years) to refold. Folding is made possible by an attached folding catalyst, the pro-region, which is degraded on completion of folding, leaving alphaLP trapped in its native state by a large kinetic unfolding barrier (t1/2 approximately 1.2 years). alphaLP faces two very different folding landscapes: one in the presence of the pro-region controlling folding, and one in its absence restricting unfolding. Here we demonstrate that this separation of folding and unfolding pathways has removed constraints placed on the folding of thermodynamically stable proteins, and allowed the evolution of a native state having markedly reduced dynamic fluctuations. This, in turn, has led to a significant extension of the functional lifetime of alphaLP by the optimal suppression of proteolytic sensitivity. 相似文献
52.
We discuss a generalization of the standard notion of probability space and show that the emerging framework, to be called operational probability theory, can be considered as underlying quantal theories. The proposed framework makes special reference to the convex structure of states and to a family of observables which is wider than the familiar set of random variables: it appears as an alternative to the known algebraic approach to quantum probability. 相似文献
53.
A. E. Yassen H. A. Hassan L. S. Kawashti 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1994,50(11-12):1111-1114
A detailed karyotypic analysis of two Egyptian species of bats,Taphozous perforatus andTaphozous nudiventris, was made on the basis of conventional data and G-band patterns. No detectable karyotypic difference was found between the two species (2n=42, F.N. 64). By comparison of G-band patterns, some differences between the two species were seen in the corresponding autosomal pairs. These results are reported for the first time in Egypt. 相似文献
54.
55.
本文研究了地下矿井内,电波沿巷道内线缆传播的可行性及单线波模的传播与衰减规律,研究巷道内电小天线与线缆之间的耦合情况,从而为实际工作提供理论依据。 相似文献
56.
A topoisomerase II inhibitor, novobiocin, and a deacetylase inhibitor, butyrate, synergistically transformed human liver cells into fibroblast-like cells. This morphological change was associated with an increased production of procollagen type III peptide and a simultaneous assembly of actin, tubulin, vimentin and cytokeratin. Novobiocin and butyrate had no marked effect on the phosphorylation state of cytokeratin proteins, but synergistically enhanced [3H]acetate uptake. From these results, it can be speculated that protein acetylation plays an important role in inducing the assembly of cytoskeletal proteins and the morphological transformation of human liver cells. 相似文献
57.
利用应变和压电测试系统以及随机信号和振动分析系统,在模型和试验钻机上,进行了钻柱系统的固有频率、响应、钻头的动态压力、功率谱和动态传递函数等测试分析。在横向振动支承条件,岩石的刚度以及动态碎岩机理等方面得到了一些有益的研究结果,并提出了岩石刚度动态测定法。以上研究为理论分析提供了依据。 相似文献
58.
Coalignment of vimentin intermediate filaments with microtubules depends on kinesin. 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
Intermediate filaments in most types of cultured cells coalign with microtubules. Depolymerization of microtubules results in collapse of vimentin and desmin intermediate filaments to the nucleus where they form a perinuclear cap. Collapse can also be induced by microinjection of antibodies against intermediate filament or microtubule proteins. Thus, two filament systems interact with each other. But the molecules mediating this interaction are unknown. One of the candidates for this role is a microtubule motor kinesin. Recent data showed that kinesin is involved in the plus end-directed movement of the membranous organelles along microtubules such as radial extension of lysosomes in macrophages and centrifugal movement of pigment in melanophores. Here we report that injection of the anti-kinesin antibody into human fibroblasts results in the redistribution of intermediate filaments to a tight perinuclear aggregate but had no effect on the distribution of microtubules. Thus, kinesin is involved not only in organelle movement but also in interaction of the two major cytoskeletal systems, intermediate filaments and microtubules. 相似文献
59.
A latent class probit model for analyzing pick any/N data 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
A latent class probit model is developed in which it is assumed that the binary data of a particular subject follow a finite
mixture of multivariate Bermoulli distributions. An EM algorithm for fitting the model is described and a Monte Carlo procedure
for testing the number of latent classes that is required for adequately describing the data is discussed. In the final section,
an application of the latent class probit model to some intended purchase data for residential telecommunication devices is
reported.
Geert De Soete is supported as “Bevoegdverklaard Navorser” of the Belgian “Nationaal Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek.” 相似文献
60.
提出了一个关于氧化物半导瓷晶界势垒起源的新观点,认为晶界势垒起源于烧结过程中外界氧在晶界中的扩散,与材料的结构、化学缺陷、掺杂、外界气氛、烧结工艺、组成状态等有密切关系,并用此理论解释了许多实验现象。 相似文献