Recent temperature increase recorded in an ice core in the source region of Yangtze River

Interests on climate change in the source region of Yangtze River have been raised since it is a region with the greatest warming over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). A 70-year history of precipitation δ~(18)O has been recovered using an ice core record retrieved in a plat portion of the firn area in the Guoqu Glacier (33°34′37.8″N, 91°10′35.3″E, 5720 m a.s.l.), Mt. Geladaindong (the source region of Yangtze River), in November, 2005. By using a significant positive relationship between ice core δ~(18)O record and summer air temperature (July to September) from the nearby meteorological stations, a history of summer air temperature has been reconstructed for the last 70 years. Summer temperature was relatively low in 1940s and high in 1950s to the middle of 1960s. The lowest temperature occurred in the middle of 1970s. Temperature was low in 1980s and dramatically increased since 1990s, keeping the trend to the begin-ning of the 21st century. The warming rate recorded in the ice core with 0.5℃/10 a since 1970s is much higher that that in the central TP and the Northern Hemisphere (NH), and it becomes 1.1℃/10 a since 1990s which is also higher than these from the central TP and the NH, reflecting an accelerated warm-ing and a more sensitive response to global warming in the high elevation region.     

Research advance in failure risk and local strength failure for high arch dams

To develop national economy and use the water resources and hydropower resources sufficiently,a lot of high arch dams,with the height of more than 200 m,have been and will be built in China.Although arch dams have good mechanical behavior,there is still failure possibility due to the huge water pressure and high stress level in dam,complex topographic and geologic conditions,formidable environment and high intensity earthquake.As one of the three main aspects concerning the safety of high arch dam,the study on global destruction,has been elaborated in the literatures,and research advance in the other two aspects,namely the failure risk and local damage of high arch dams,will be reviewed in this paper.In recent years,the failure risk of high arch dams has been investigated,and the model for identifying dam failure risk factors has been established.It is shown that the foundation deterioration and strong earthquake are the major risk sources for high dam failure.With the fault tree method,the failure mode and failure probability of high arch dams are studied,and the principle for determining failure mode and the method of calculating failure probability are proposed.Meanwhile,the determination principle of acceptable risk standard for high arch dam was proposed,and the acceptable risk rate and the acceptable standard value of various risk losses were given.For the local damage of arch dam,it is pointed out that the local damage belongs to the strength failure at material level.The study on local failure mechanism of arch dam is reviewed,based on the theories that from traditional strength theory to damage mechanics and meso-mechanics theory.Aiming at the cracking,the main pattern of local failure of high concrete dam,the research advances in the analysis methods and cracking criteria for smeared crack model and discrete crack model are summarized,and the research findings of preventive measures for local failure are shown.     

基于数据分析的地区高等教育发展评价及预测

改革开放以来,我国的教育事业得到了迅速发展,然而也存在着各地区发展不均衡的现象。由于以往教育水平评价指标间的关系错综复杂,为了有效地观测我国高等教育发展水平与趋势,本文建立了一种基于灰色关联度分析和熵权法的组合权重综合评价模型。根据指标体系收集到我国10个省级地区2007年至2016年的相应数据,利用综合评价模型与时间序列模型对我国部分地区高等教育的综合发展水平进行了测算和分析,得到了各地区高等教育综合发展水平的排名,并基于此对各地区未来5年的高等教育综合发展水平进行了预测。     

板料冲压成形工艺参数的计算机优化

利用ＣＡＥ技术分析了桑塔纳轿车油底壳成形过程，并对其成形工艺参数进行优化．提出了合理的毛坯的形状和尺寸、定位位置、压边力大小、拉深筋的设置等，以此说明ＣＡＥ技术在板料成形工艺设计中的应用．     

区域水资源利用与开发潜力研究——以陕西关中灌区为例

随着人口增长和人类对水土资源的加速开发利用，自然界的水文循环和水土平衡不断受到破坏，给水分的供需和土地利用及生态环境增添了新的压力，同时也严重影响区域社会经济的持续发展，对陕西关中灌区水土资源的开发进行科学的评估研究，提出进一步开发水土资源潜力的设想，以促使在区域水土资源开发利用中，按照水资源和土地资源系统之间的结构和功能，因地制宜，进行合理匹配与组合，协调水资源与环境之间的关系，提高水土资源利用     

民族研究中亟待廓清的几个概念——兼论中华民族的起源、形成与发展

民族是一个历史的范畴，斯大林的“民族构成四要素”一说解释不了中国的民族问题；中华民族与56个兄弟民族，是对中华民族不同层次的称谓，这是一对既有同一性又有差异性的辩证统一的概念；用“多元一体格局”来概括中华民族族体结构是非常恰当的；世界华人是中华民族在海外发展的苗裔；中华民族是我国古代各个民族不断混融互化的产物；“同种”、“同根”、“同文”是中华民族的基本特征。     

初中《自然科学》课程教学的调查和研究──温十二中调查记实与思考

本文报道了温十二中初中《自然科学》合科教学的实施状况．温十二中的综合理科教学是温州市中学《自然科学》课程教学改革的典型．中学的课程改革涉及高师学生的培养目标，化学教育专业教学计划的制订等问题，具一定的参考与研究价值     

Active regions’ setting of the extracellular ligandbinding domain of human interleukin-6 receptor

The reliable three dimensional (3-D) structure of the extracellular ligand-binding domain (V106-P322) of human interleukin-6 receptor (hIL-6R) has been constructed by means of computer-guided homology modeling techniques using the crystal structure of the extracellular ligand-binding region (K52–L251) of human growth hormone receptor (hGHR) as templet. The space location of some key residues which influence the combination ability between the receptor and the ligand has been observed and the effects of point mutagenesis of the four conservative cysteine residues on the space conformation are analyzed. The results show that the space conformation of the side-chain carboxyl of E305 plays a key role in the ligand-binding ability. Furthermore, the space conformation of the side-chain carboxyl of E305 is very important for the electrostatic potential complementarity between hIL-6R and hIL-6 according to the docking method.     

一首忧伤清寂的岁月之歌－评《与往事干杯》

本文从女主人公的人生成长历程：童年的废墟、畴形之恋、死于华年探讨了现代女性在成长过程中由于物质的贫困、环境的混乱苍白及爱的残缺等生存困境，造成的精神深处的孤独焦虑状态，以及在此过程中青年女性的爱恋生死及心灵历程，让我们看到了现代女性矛盾纠葛的内心世界。第一人称的叙述方式，散文化的笔法，忧郁清寂的情感氛围使作品别具一种感伤美。     

微波ECR等离子体高速溅射装置的研制

研制了一台高速率溅射的ＥＣＲ等离子体沉积装置．采用微波真空波导及反常模式或输入技术，利用腔内双靶构成的电场镜，使高能γ电子在电场镜中振荡，从而获得高密度的等离子体．并且，导电膜能连续高速沉积，在２．７×１０－２Ｐａ的低气压下，铜膜的沉积速率可达１２０ｎｍ／ｍｉｎ．