Vaccination against and treatment of tuberculosis, the leishmaniases and AIDS: perspectives from basic immunology and immunity to chronic intracellular infections

The occurrence of infectious disease represents a failure of the immune system, a failure that must be prevented by effective vaccination or remedied by treatment. Vaccination against acute diseases such as smallpox and polio are very effective, due to the rapid and increased immune response of vaccinated individuals upon natural infection. In contrast, effective vaccination against intracellular pathogens that cause chronic diseases, such as the leishmaniases, tuberculosis and AIDS, has not been achieved. Clinical observations suggest cell-mediated, Th1 responses, exclusive of antibody production and the generation of Th2 cells, are optimally protective against these intracellular pathogens. Effective vaccination must ensure the generation of such a protective response. We explore here whether understanding very broad features of the regulation of the immune response can accommodate modern findings on the immunological features of these diseases, and provide a perspective within which strategies for effective vaccination and treatment can be developed.     

民勤连古城国家级自然保护区管理存在的问题与对策

概述了民勤连古城国家级自然保护区特殊的生态区位的重要性,总结了该保护区在建设初级阶段的生态环境和动植物资源现状,从法律体系、执法体系、管理体系、科研体系、基础建设、产业开发等方面分析了保护区管理存在的问题,着重在以法治区、宣传教育、自然保护、社区共管和资金投入等方面提出了对策与建议。     

清末泰山信仰在海岱间的传布——以青山碧霞宫与大泽山日照庵为中心

就山东一境而言,泰山崇拜和碧霞元君信仰在海岱之间自西向东传布。据目前所掌握的资料,泰山信仰传布的力度从明代至清前期渐趋增长,而自光绪末年至民国却是一个转折。本文选定青山碧霞宫与大泽山日照庵两座庙宇作为研究中心,来探讨泰山信仰清末民初在泰山到滨海一线的传布情况。泰山信仰在海岱之间传布过程中,受到空间距离、地域文化等客观因素的制约,呈涟漪状,以泰山为中心,越趋向边缘（边远）地区,影响力越弱;即使有稳定文化内核的碧霞元君信仰,也经受了诸多损益,多种神灵品格层累而至于在青山庙宇出现相互矛盾的几个碧霞元君,在大泽山也经历了从碧霞元君到无生老母的主神转变。     

永济市小麦-玉米"两晚"栽培技术

文章对影响永济市小麦、玉米的产量进行分析,并提出本市小麦-玉米的"两晚"栽培技术,在不增加投资的情况下,可提高粮食产量,增加农民收入.     

Design of an air-slot mode-gap nanocavity in a two dimensional photonic crystal slab

We present a novel and simple design of an air-slot mode-gap photonic crystal(PC) nanocavity by introducing a linear air slot to the center of a line-defect waveguide in a two dimensional triangular-lattice silicon PC slab.A high quality factor(Q factor) of 8.42*105 and an ultrasmall mode volume of 0.998 cubic wavelength are achieved in an optimized air-slot nanocavity which is a suitable choice for the strong matter-field interaction in free space.The high Q cavities with ultrasmall mode volume are important for applications such as quantum computation and nonlinear optics.     

"人才强企"战略下的人力资源开发

在知识经济时代,人才是生产力中最活跃的因素,企业竞争归根到底是人才的竞争.因此选择并且留住高素质的人才,是企业生存发展的前提.     

Provably Secure Information Hiding via Short Text in Social Networking Tools

Utilizing OnLine Short Text (OLST) in social networking tools such as microblogs, instant messaging platforms, and short message service via smart phones has become a routine in daily life. OLST is appealing for personal covert communication because it can hide information in a very short carrier text, and this concealment is hard to detect due to the diversity of normal traffic. However, designing appropriate schemes confronts several challenges: they need to be provably secure, and their performance needs to maintain high efficiency and handy usability due to the short length of OLST messages. In this paper, we propose a family of customized schemes known as HiMix, HiCod, HiOpt, and HiPhs for text steganography in OLST. These schemes are evaluated in terms of their security and their performance with regard to two metrics that address the particular characteristics of OLST: hiding rate and hiding ease. All proposed schemes are proved to be at least computationally secure, and their performance in terms of hiding rate and hiding ease justifies their applicability in social networking tools that utilize OLST.     

浅谈图书馆读者阅读活动中的性别差异

通过对阅读内容偏好和阅读习惯差异的观察与调查,分析了性别差异对图书馆读者借阅活动的影响,从读者阅读活动中的性别差异出发,对改善图书馆的工作提出了一些建设性意见。