我国连锁超市的规模经济分析我国连锁超市的规模经济分析

随着全球经济的飞速发展,连锁经营已经成为各国零售业普遍采取的经营方式.同时,连锁超市已经逐步成为我国零售业的主流,为我国的经济增长做出了巨大贡献.从规模经济的角度分析了我国连锁超市企业的发展,通过实证分析证实连锁超市确实存在规模经济性,从而为我国连锁超市的健康发展提供一些理论参考.     

受限空间内水平风作用下热分层流流场结构的POD分析

对不同水平剪切强度下受限空间内热分层流的流场进行了PIV测量.应用特征正交分解(POD)方法分析了受限空间内热分层流的流场结构.结果表明,没有水平强迫气流时,低阶POD模态占总能量的比重较高,表明水平方向的宏观流动为主流运动;水平强迫剪切气流会造成能量向高阶POD模态耗散转移.而且,水平强迫剪切气流造成不同阶数的POD模态中竖向动能与水平方向动能的比值均比没有水平强迫气流时高,表明水平强迫剪切气流降低热分层流的稳定性并促进竖向质量交换.     

Development and application of flexible substrate sensors in instantaneous heat flux measurement

A new type of sensor with the flexible substrate is introduced. It is applicable in measuring instantaneous heat flux on the model surface in a hypersonic shock tunnel. The working principle, structure and manufacture process of the sensor are presented. The substrate thickness and the dynamic response parameter of the sensor are calculated. Because this sensor was successfully used in measuring the instantaneous heat flux on the surface of a flat plate in a detonation-driven shock tunnel, it may be effective in measuring instantaneous heat flux on the model surface.     

基于单元相关二次组合BOC无模糊捕获技术

为了克服传统BOC捕获算法在处理相互冲突的多个性能指标方面的不足,基于单元相关输出二次组合概念提出了一种系统最优化的算法设计框架.先将各项性能指标转化为控制参数的确定函数,再将BOC捕获问题转换为参数优化问题.基于该算法框架给出了具体的BOC无模糊捕获算法设计实例.仿真结果表明:该算法能够完全抑制组合相关函数副峰,有效解决BOC捕获模糊问题,并且在判决统计量的输出信噪比和恒虚警下检测概率2个指标上取得良好的效果,具有工程实用价值.     

C-isotope composition and correlation of the Upper Neoproterozoic in Keping area, Xinjiang

C-isotope analysis of the carbonates in the Upper Neoproterozoic in Keping, Xinjiang indicates that the Qigebrak Formation and the Upper Sugaitbrak Formation mainly record positive C-isotope values, and a distinct positive excursion occurs in the lower part of the Qigebrak Formation. There are three negative excursions in the boundary between the Qigebrak Formation and the Cambrian, the uppermost and lowermost Upper Sugaitbrak Formation. These characters resemble those of the Upper Neoproterozoic in the Three-Gorge area, which suggests that the Upper Sugaitbrak Formation and Qigebrak Formation can be correlated with the middle and upper parts of the Doushantuo Formation and Dengying Formation, respectively. The negative excursion at the top of the Upper Sugaitbrak Formation corresponds to that at the top of the Doushantuo Formation, while the negative excursion at the bottom of the Sugaitbrak Formation can be correlated with that at the middle part of the Doushantuo Formation in the Three-Gorge area and that at the top of the Hangelchaok diamictites in the Quruqtagh area.     

Solvent effects on photophysical properties of copper and zinc porphyrins

The photophysics of Zn（tetraphenylporphyrin,TPP）, Zn（tetra-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl porphyrin, TMP）, Zn （tetra-（o-dichlorophenyl） porphyrin, TPPCI8）, Cu（tetraphenylporphyrin,TPP）, Cu（tetra-2,4,6-trimethyl- phenyl porphyrin,TMP）, and Cu（tetra-（o-dichlorophenyl） porphyrin, TPPCIE, TPPCI8） in several solvents have been investigated on steady state and time-resolved spectroscopy. The Cu（TPPCI8 ） is normal and shows no evidence of CT transition in the visible or near UV regions in nonpolar solvent. However, Cu（TPPCI8）shows a blue shift in the absorption spectrum and intramolecular CT bands at absorption spectra in polar solvent, which shows a fluorescence maximum emission at 650 nm and 8.4 ns lifetime. The reason can be attributed to two points. Firstly, the increase of solvent polarity can enlarge outer reorganisational energy, which is favorable to reduce the activation free energy of charger-transfer transition based on Marcus theory of electron transfer. Moreover, the internal heavy-atom effect on Cu（TPPCIE） is encouraging to stabilize the 2T1 state also, which increases the possibility of population to CT band from 2T1 state. This result is in accord with an earlier estimate of a 10 ns lifetime and CT absorption at 640 nm bands for the CT state of Cu （11） octethylporphyrins. Other possible reasons arousing unusual fluorescence like H-bonding, axial ligands, molecular aggregation are excluded.     

40-Gb/s all-optical digital 4-bit priority encoder employing cross-gain modulation in semiconductor optical amplifiers

High-speed all-optical logic circuits have attracted much attention because of their important roles in signal processing in next-generation optical networks.The digital encoder is widely used in binary calculation,multiplexing,demultiplexing,address recognition and data encryption.A priority encoder allows the existence of multiple valid inputs simultaneously,identifies the priority of the request signals and encodes the priority.We propose and experimentally demonstrate an all-optical 4-bit priority encoder for return-to-zero signals at 40 Gbit/s based on cross-gain modulation in semiconductor optical amplifiers.Detuning fil-ters after semiconductor optical amplifiers are employed to improve the output performance.Correct logic bit sequences and clear open eye patterns with extinction ratios exceeding 10 dB are achieved.     

基于DSP的混沌语音加密

基于语音加密的特殊性,利用可逆二维Arnold变换和改进的Logistic映射进行了混沌加密算法研究,并以TMS320VC5509A为中央处理器提出了语音加密的系统方案,实现了语音的加密和解密.首先介绍了数据加密技术基本原理和方法,然后详细给出了混沌加密系统的软硬件设计方案,并通过DSP芯片实现了混沌语音加密和解密.最后对语音信号进行了模拟仿真和测试,加解密前后的信号和频谱取得了较好的一致性,证实了该混沌语音加密算法的可行性.     

Formal analysis on an extended security model for database systems

In order to develop highly secure database systems to meet the requirements for class B2, the BLP （Bell-LaPudula） model is extended according to the features of database systems. A method for verifying security model for database systems is pro- posed. According to this method, an analysis by using Coq proof assistant to ensure the correctness and security of the extended model is introduced. Our formal security model has been verified secure. This work demonstrates that our verification method is effective and sufficient.     

Electrochemical behavior of different shelled microcapsule composite copper coatings

Copper/liquid microcapsule composite coatings with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), gelatin or methyl cellulose (MC) as shell materials were prepared by electrodeposition. The influence of shell materials on the corrosion resistance of the composite coatings in 0.1 M H₂SO₄ was investigated by means of electrochemical techniques, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersion spectrometry (EDS). The results show that the participation of microcapsules can enhance the corrosion resistance of the composite coatings compared with the traditional copper layer. Based on the analysis of electrochemical test results, the release ways of microcapsules were deduced. Gelatin and MC as the shell materials of microcapsules are easy to release quickly in the composite coating. On the contrary, the releasing speed of PVA microcapsules is relatively slow due to their characteristics.