The influence of ethylene on primary attraction of the olive beetle,Phloeotribus scarabaeoides (Bern.) (Col., Scolytidae)

Two experiments have been carried out to verify the effect of ethylene on the primary attraction ofPhloeotribus scarabaeoides under both laboratory and field conditions. The experiments were based on the enhancement of ethylene production by olive branches and trunks after the application of (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid. Under laboratory conditions, the beetles' response was strongly stimulated on the treated branches. Under field conditions, the treatment aided the location of the olive wood by the flying beetles, and the attack density was significantly greater in the treated wood at the end of the experiment.     

Fingerprints of global warming on wild animals and plants

Over the past 100 years, the global average temperature has increased by approximately 0.6 degrees C and is projected to continue to rise at a rapid rate. Although species have responded to climatic changes throughout their evolutionary history, a primary concern for wild species and their ecosystems is this rapid rate of change. We gathered information on species and global warming from 143 studies for our meta-analyses. These analyses reveal a consistent temperature-related shift, or 'fingerprint', in species ranging from molluscs to mammals and from grasses to trees. Indeed, more than 80% of the species that show changes are shifting in the direction expected on the basis of known physiological constraints of species. Consequently, the balance of evidence from these studies strongly suggests that a significant impact of global warming is already discernible in animal and plant populations. The synergism of rapid temperature rise and other stresses, in particular habitat destruction, could easily disrupt the connectedness among species and lead to a reformulation of species communities, reflecting differential changes in species, and to numerous extirpations and possibly extinctions.     

Adelfa： a futuristic biodiesel fuel for DI diesel engines： a comparative experimental investigation

Biodiesel fuel is found to be a promising alter- native for the petroleum diesel based on the results published by the researchers for a decade. Biodiesel fuel is renewable and non degradable fuel. Many countries use biodiesel fuel for automotives to meet the crisis due to the depletion of the petroleum fuel and to meet the stringent emission norms. Various researches have been carried out with different bio- diesel fuels with vegetable oil as the source and appreciable results were reported. Few biodiesel fuels which have been already tested are Jatropha, Pongamia, Mahua, neem, cotton seed, etc. In this experimental work, Adelfa biodiesel blend is used as the test fuel. The emission and performance charac- teristics were compared with three other different biodiesel fuel blends. Appreciable results imply that Adelfa biodiesel （Nerium oil methyl ester） can be a futuristic biodiesel fuel, which has a good compatibility with the direct injection （DI） diesel engine without any major modification. Moreover, Adelfa can be cultivated in a non agricultural land with fewer sources of water. It is widely spread over all major countries of Asia. Experimental investigations have been carried out on a single cylinder DI diesel engine with standard engine speci- fications. In this experimental work, various Adelfa biodiesel blends is compared with reference fuel （diesel） to choose the best blend which gives a closer performance to diesel. The comparative analysis with other biodiesel fuels has also been done and results have been discussed.     

Cloning of a representative genomic library of the human X chromosome after sorting by flow cytometry

A library of 50,000 recombinants representative of the human X chromosome has been constructed. Human X chromosomes were physically separated using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. The DNA was purified from the chromosomes, digested to completion with the restriction enzyme EcoRI and cloned into the phage lambda gtWES.lambda B. The X-derived nature of the recombinants was confirmed by hybridization to rodent/human cell line DNA containing only the human X chromosome. Such libraries will be particularly useful for the investigation of genetic diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, where the basic defect has not been elucidated, and of neoplasia, where several specific chromosomal anomalies, particularly for the leukaemias, have been identified.     

Constant darkness is a circadian metabolic signal in mammals

Environmental light is the 'zeitgeber' (time-giver) of circadian behaviour. Constant darkness is considered a 'free-running' circadian state. Mammals encounter constant darkness during hibernation. Ablation of the master clock synchronizer, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, abolishes torpor, a hibernation-like state, implicating the circadian clock in this phenomenon. Here we report a mechanism by which constant darkness regulates the gene expression of fat catabolic enzymes in mice. Genes for murine procolipase (mClps) and pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 (mPlrp2) are activated in a circadian manner in peripheral organs during 12 h dark:12 h dark (DD) but not light-dark (LD) cycles. This mechanism is deregulated in circadian-deficient mPer1-/-/mPer2m/m mice. We identified circadian-regulated 5'-AMP, which is elevated in the blood of DD mice, as a key mediator of this response. Synthetic 5'-AMP induced torpor and mClps expression in LD animals. Torpor induced by metabolic stress was associated with elevated 5'-AMP levels in DD mice. Levels of glucose and non-esterified fatty acid in the blood are reversed in DD and LD mice. Induction of mClps expression by 5'-AMP in LD mice was reciprocally linked to blood glucose levels. Our findings uncover a circadian metabolic rhythm in mammals.     

PPLN准相位匹配内腔光学参量振荡器的实验研究

将准相位匹配光学参量振荡器(QPM-OPO)置于激光二极管(LD)端面泵浦的声光调Q1064nm-Nd:YVO4激光器谐振腔之内,获得了信号光单谐振的内腔光参量输出。在声光Q开关重复频率为25kHz的条件下,内腔参量振荡的阈值仅为0.9W(LD功率)。在6WLD泵浦功率下,获得了350mW的信号光输出。通过在120℃~250℃范围内改变PPLN晶体的温度,信号光输出实现了在(1493~1538)nm波段的调谐。     

基于MVC模型的SVG生产实时监控系统设计与实现

针对传统生产实时监控系统灵活性差的问题,应用SVG技术进行了改进,适用于异构系统环境;并结合MVC架构设计并实现了扩展性高、移植性好、灵活性强的J2EE实时监控系统。     

在相对论性激光-等离子体系统中模拟激光参数对等离子弧柱形态的影响

基于相对论性激光-等离子体动力学理论和PIC方法建立了激光入射等离子弧柱的模型,该模型描述了激光入射等离子弧后粒子的运动,并模拟了弧柱形态的变化。通过改变激光的平均功率、脉冲宽度以及重复频率,模拟等离子弧柱形态变化,得到的激光参数对等离子弧柱形态的影响规律。通过控制弧柱的直径可以提高材料的熔积性能。计算结果表明增大激光平均功率、脉冲宽度,可以更深地压缩等离子弧;但是,重复频率的影响则会出现波动现象。激光等离子复合加工更适合于精细加工。     

A New Method with High Confidence for Validation of Computer Simulation Models of Flight Systems

Computer simulation models may by used to gain further information about missile performance variability. Model validation is an important aspect of the test program for a missile system. Validation provides a basis for confidence in the model's results and is a necessary step if the model is to be used to draw inference about the behavior of the real missile. This paper is a review of methods useful for validation of computer simulation models of missile systems and provides a new method with high degree of confidence for validation of computer simulation models of missile systems. Some examples of the use of the new method in validating computer simulation models are given.