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461.
Wang X Rochon M Lamprokostopoulou A Lünsdorf H Nimtz M Römling U 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2006,63(19-20):2352-2363
Commensal Escherichia coli form biofilms at body temperature by expressing the extracellular matrix components curli fimbriae and cellulose. The role of curli fimbriae and cellulose in the interaction of commensal E. coli with the intestinal epithelial cell line HT-29 was investigated. Expression of curli fimbriae by the typical commensal isolate E. coli TOB1 caused adherence and internalization of the bacteria and triggered IL-8 production in HT-29 cells. In particular, induction of IL-8 production was complex and involved curli-bound flagellin. While cellulose alone had no effect on the interaction of TOB1 with HT-29 cells, co-expression of cellulose with curli fimbriae decreased adherence to, internalization and IL-8 induction of HT-29 cells. Investigation of a panel of commensal isolates showed a partial correlation between expression of curli fimbriae and enhanced internalization and IL-8 production. In addition, a high immunostimulatory flagellin was identified. Thus, the consequences of expression of extracellular matrix components on commensal bacterial-host interactions are complex. 相似文献
462.
Niimura N Arai S Kurihara K Chatake T Tanaka I Bau R 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2006,63(3):285-300
Neutron diffraction provides an experimental method of directly locating hydrogen atoms in proteins, a technique complimentary to ultra-high-resolution [1, 2] X-ray diffraction. Three different types of neutron diffractometers for biological macromolecules have been constructed in Japan, France and the United States, and they have been used to determine the crystal structures of proteins up to resolution limits of 1.5-2.5 A. Results relating to hydrogen positions and hydration patterns in proteins have been obtained from these studies. Examples include the geometrical details of hydrogen bonds, H/D exchange in proteins and oligonucleotides, the role of hydrogen atoms in enzymatic activity and thermostability, and the dynamical behavior of hydration structures, all of which have been extracted from these structural results and reviewed. Other techniques, such as the growth of large single crystals, the preparation of fully deuterated proteins, the use of cryogenic techniques, and a data base of hydrogen and hydration in proteins, will be described. 相似文献
463.
464.
Huet J Wyckmans J Wintjens R Boussard P Raussens V Vandenbussche G Ruysschaert JM Azarkan M Looze Y 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2006,63(24):3042-3054
Two chitinases, able to use tetra-N-acetylglucosamine, chitin and chitosan as substrates, were characterized after purification from Carica papaya latex. The complete amino acid sequence of the major form and about 40% of the minor one were determined through proteolytic
digestions and mass spectroscopy analysis. Sequencing demonstrated that both papaya chitinases are members of the family 19
of glycosyl hydrolases (GH19). Based on the known 3-D structures of other members of family GH19, it was expected that papaya
chitinases would adopt all-alpha structures. However, circular dichroism and infrared spectroscopy indicated, for the papaya
chitinases, a content of 15–20% of extended structures besides the expected 40% of alpha helices. Since the fully sequenced
papaya chitinase contains a large number of proline residues the possibility that papaya chitinase contains polyproline II
stretches was examined in the context of their resistance against proteolytic degradation.
Received 11 July 2006; received after revision 13 October 2006; accepted 25 October 2006 相似文献
465.
Phytanic acid is a branched-chain fatty acid that accumulates in a variety of metabolic disorders. High levels of phytanic
acid found in patients can exceed the millimolar range and lead to severe symptoms. Degradation of phytanic acid takes place
by α-oxidation inside the peroxisome. A deficiency of its breakdown, leading to elevated levels, can result from either a
general peroxisomal dysfunction or from a defect in one of the enzymes involved in α-oxidation. Research on Refsum disease,
belonging to the latter group of disorders and characterized by a deficiency of the first enzyme of α-oxidation, has extended
our knowledge of phytanic acid metabolism and pathology of the disease greatly over the past few decades. This review will
centre on this research on phytanic acid: its origin, the mechanism by which its α-oxidation takes place, its role in human
disease and the way it is produced from phytol.
Received 4 October 2005; received after revision 24 February 2006; accepted 26 April 2006 相似文献
466.
Galectin-7 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Galectins are a family of animal lectins with an affinity for β-galactosides. They are differentially expressed by various
tissues and appear to be functionally multivalent, exerting a wide range of biological activities both during development
and in adult tissue. Galectin-7, a member of this family, contributes to different events associated with the differentiation
and development of pluristratified epithelia. It is also associated with epithelial cell migration, which plays a crucial
role in the re-epithelialization process of corneal or epidermal wounds. In addition, recent evidence indicates that galectin-7,
designated as the product of the p53-induced gene 1 (PIG1), is a regulator of apoptosis through JNK activation and mitochondrial
cytochrome c release. Defects in apoptosis constitute one of the major hallmarks of human cancers, and galectin-7 can act
as either a positive or a negative regulatory factor in tumour development, depending on the histological type of the tumour.
Received 30 October 2005; received after revision 15 November 2005; accepted 25 November 2005 相似文献
467.
Amundadottir LT Sulem P Gudmundsson J Helgason A Baker A Agnarsson BA Sigurdsson A Benediktsdottir KR Cazier JB Sainz J Jakobsdottir M Kostic J Magnusdottir DN Ghosh S Agnarsson K Birgisdottir B Le Roux L Olafsdottir A Blondal T Andresdottir M Gretarsdottir OS Bergthorsson JT Gudbjartsson D Gylfason A Thorleifsson G Manolescu A Kristjansson K Geirsson G Isaksson H Douglas J Johansson JE Bälter K Wiklund F Montie JE Yu X Suarez BK Ober C Cooney KA Gronberg H Catalona WJ Einarsson GV 《Nature genetics》2006,38(6):652-658
With the increasing incidence of prostate cancer, identifying common genetic variants that confer risk of the disease is important. Here we report such a variant on chromosome 8q24, a region initially identified through a study of Icelandic families. Allele -8 of the microsatellite DG8S737 was associated with prostate cancer in three case-control series of European ancestry from Iceland, Sweden and the US. The estimated odds ratio (OR) of the allele is 1.62 (P = 2.7 x 10(-11)). About 19% of affected men and 13% of the general population carry at least one copy, yielding a population attributable risk (PAR) of approximately 8%. The association was also replicated in an African American case-control group with a similar OR, in which 41% of affected individuals and 30% of the population are carriers. This leads to a greater estimated PAR (16%) that may contribute to higher incidence of prostate cancer in African American men than in men of European ancestry. 相似文献
468.
469.
Truncating mutations in the Fanconi anemia J gene BRIP1 are low-penetrance breast cancer susceptibility alleles 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
Seal S Thompson D Renwick A Elliott A Kelly P Barfoot R Chagtai T Jayatilake H Ahmed M Spanova K North B McGuffog L Evans DG Eccles D;Breast Cancer Susceptibility Collaboration 《Nature genetics》2006,38(11):1239-1241
We identified constitutional truncating mutations of the BRCA1-interacting helicase BRIP1 in 9/1,212 individuals with breast cancer from BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation-negative families but in only 2/2,081 controls (P = 0.0030), and we estimate that BRIP1 mutations confer a relative risk of breast cancer of 2.0 (95% confidence interval = 1.2-3.2, P = 0.012). Biallelic BRIP1 mutations were recently shown to cause Fanconi anemia complementation group J. Thus, inactivating truncating mutations of BRIP1, similar to those in BRCA2, cause Fanconi anemia in biallelic carriers and confer susceptibility to breast cancer in monoallelic carriers. 相似文献
470.
The macromolecular peptide-loading complex in MHC class I-dependent antigen presentation 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
A challenging task for the adaptive immune system of vertebrates is to identify and eliminate intracellular antigens. Therefore
a highly specialized antigen presentation machinery has evolved to display fragments of newly synthesized proteins to effector
cells of the immune system at the cell surface. After proteasomal degradation of unwanted proteins or defective ribosome products,
resulting peptides are translocated into the endoplasmic reticulum by the transporter associated with antigen processing and
loaded onto major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. Peptide-MHC I complexes are transported via the secretory
pathway to the cell surface where they are then inspected by cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which can trigger an immune response.
This review summarizes the current view of the intracellular machinery of antigen processing and of viral immune escape mechanisms
to circumvent destruction by the host.
Received 4 October 2005; received after revision 19 November 2005; accepted 24 November 2005 相似文献