全文获取类型
收费全文 | 22441篇 |
免费 | 57篇 |
国内免费 | 53篇 |
专业分类
系统科学 | 225篇 |
丛书文集 | 493篇 |
教育与普及 | 45篇 |
理论与方法论 | 60篇 |
现状及发展 | 9487篇 |
研究方法 | 878篇 |
综合类 | 10992篇 |
自然研究 | 371篇 |
出版年
2013年 | 129篇 |
2012年 | 276篇 |
2011年 | 666篇 |
2010年 | 101篇 |
2008年 | 325篇 |
2007年 | 376篇 |
2006年 | 400篇 |
2005年 | 390篇 |
2004年 | 375篇 |
2003年 | 383篇 |
2002年 | 306篇 |
2001年 | 708篇 |
2000年 | 706篇 |
1999年 | 414篇 |
1992年 | 410篇 |
1991年 | 363篇 |
1990年 | 387篇 |
1989年 | 326篇 |
1988年 | 368篇 |
1987年 | 366篇 |
1986年 | 342篇 |
1985年 | 484篇 |
1984年 | 363篇 |
1983年 | 303篇 |
1982年 | 238篇 |
1981年 | 256篇 |
1980年 | 343篇 |
1979年 | 687篇 |
1978年 | 580篇 |
1977年 | 551篇 |
1976年 | 472篇 |
1975年 | 531篇 |
1974年 | 663篇 |
1973年 | 579篇 |
1972年 | 588篇 |
1971年 | 701篇 |
1970年 | 925篇 |
1969年 | 726篇 |
1968年 | 624篇 |
1967年 | 653篇 |
1966年 | 596篇 |
1965年 | 433篇 |
1964年 | 113篇 |
1959年 | 264篇 |
1958年 | 400篇 |
1957年 | 303篇 |
1956年 | 269篇 |
1955年 | 238篇 |
1954年 | 263篇 |
1948年 | 176篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
291.
Woody plant community composition was analyzed throughout the range of Coleogyne ramosissima in the Spring and Sheep Mountain ranges of southern Nevada. The lower Coleogyne elevational boundary was analyzed in detail in Lucky Strike Canyon, on the eastern edge of the Spring Mountains. TWINSPAN (2-way indicator species analysis) identified 4 primary species and stand groups from the 2 mountain ranges (extensive survey). Analysis of DECORANA (detrended correspondence analysis) results indicated that elevation and soil depth were the environmental factors most significantly associated with distribution of species and stand groups in the extensive survey. Elevation was the only significant physical factor associated with distribution of species and stand groups in the intensive survey. Five vegetation zones form the 2 mountain ranges were identified based on their dominant species in 15 extensive transects. Coleogyne were subdivided into pure stands and upper and lower ecotones for further investigation of species distribution and environmental factors. Selected environmental factors appear to play an important role in structuring the Mojave Desert vegetation zones in southern Nevada. 相似文献
292.
Jessica L. Slack Corey P. Causey Paul R. Thompson 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2011,68(4):709-720
The recent approvals of anticancer therapeutic agents targeting the histone deacetylases and DNA methyltransferases have highlighted
the important role that epigenetics plays in human diseases, and suggested that the factors controlling gene expression are
novel drug targets. Protein arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) is one such target because its effects on gene expression parallel
those observed for the histone deacetylases. We demonstrated that F- and Cl-amidine, two potent PAD4 inhibitors, display micromolar
cytotoxic effects towards several cancerous cell lines (HL-60, MCF7 and HT-29); no effect was observed in noncancerous lines
(NIH 3T3 and HL-60 granulocytes). These compounds also induced the differentiation of HL-60 and HT29 cells. Finally, these
compounds synergistically potentiated the cell killing effects of doxorubicin. Taken together, these findings suggest PAD4
inhibition as a novel epigenetic approach for the treatment of cancer, and suggest that F- and Cl-amidine are candidate therapeutic
agents for this disease. 相似文献
293.
I defend the claim that understanding is the goal of explanation against various persistent criticisms, especially the criticism that understanding is not truth-connected in the appropriate way, and hence is a merely psychological (rather than epistemic) state. Part of the reason why understanding has been dismissed as the goal of explanation, I suggest, is because the psychological dimension of the goal of explanation has itself been almost entirely neglected. In turn, the psychological dimension of understanding—the Aha! experience, the sense that a certain explanation “feels right”, and so on—has been conspicuously overemphasized. I try to correct for both of these exaggerations. Just as the goal of explanation includes a richer psychological—including phenomenological—dimension than is generally acknowledged, so too understanding has a stronger truth connection than is generally acknowledged. 相似文献
294.
Sebastian Vogel Thorsten Trapp Verena Börger Corinna Peters Dalila Lakbir Dagmar Dilloo Rüdiger V. Sorg 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2010,67(2):295-303
Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) home to injured tissues and have regenerative capacity. In this study,
we have investigated in vitro the influence of apoptotic and necrotic cell death, thus distinct types of tissue damage, on
MSC migration. Concordant with an increased overall motility, MSC migrated towards apoptotic, but not vital or necrotic neuronal
and cardiac cells. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was expressed by the apoptotic cells only. MSC, in contrast, revealed expression
of the HGF-receptor, c-Met. Blocking HGF bioactivity resulted in significant reduction of MSC migration. Moreover, recombinant
HGF attracted MSC in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, apoptosis initiates chemoattraction of MSC via the HGF/c-Met axis, thereby
linking tissue damage to the recruitment of cells with regenerative potential. 相似文献
295.
Karina Weinhold Udo Krause-Buchholz Gerhard Rödel Michael Kasper Kathrin Barth 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2010,67(15):2631-2642
P2X4 and P2X7 receptors are ATP-gated ion channels that are co-expressed in alveolar epithelial type I cells. Both receptors
are localized to the plasma membrane and partly associated with lipid rafts. Here we report on our study in an alveolar epithelial
cell line of the molecular organization of P2X7R and P2X4R receptors and the effect of their knockdown. Native gel electrophoresis
reveals three P2X7R complexes of ~430, ~580 and ~760 kDa. The latter two correspond exactly in size to signals of Cav-1, the
structural protein of caveolae. Interestingly knockdown of P2rx7 affects protein levels, the intracellular distribution and the supramolecular organization of Cav-1 as well as of P2X4R,
which is mainly detected in a complex of ~430 kDa. Our data suggest upregulation of P2X4R as a compensatory mechanism of P2X7R
depletion. 相似文献
296.
Michael R. Yeaman 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2010,67(4):525-544
Platelets interact with bacterial pathogens through a wide array of cellular and molecular mechanisms. The consequences of
this interaction may significantly influence the balance between infection and immunity. On the one hand, recent data indicate
that certain bacteria may be capable of exploiting these interactions to gain a virulence advantage. Indeed, certain bacterial
pathogens appear to have evolved specific ways in which to subvert activated platelets. Hence, it is conceivable that some
bacterial pathogens exploit platelet responses. On the other hand, platelets are now known to possess unambiguous structures
and functions of host defense effector cells. Recent discoveries emphasize critical features enabling such functions, including
expression of toll-like receptors that detect hallmark signals of bacterial infection, an array of microbicidal peptides,
as well as other host defense molecules and functions. These concepts are consistent with increased risk and severity of bacterial
infection as correlates of clinical abnormalities in platelet quantity and quality. In these respects, the molecular and cellular
roles of platelets in host defense against bacterial pathogens are explored with attention on advances in platelet immunobiology. 相似文献
297.
G. E. Callander R. A. D. Bathgate 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2010,67(14):2327-2341
Since its discovery in the 1920s, relaxin has enjoyed a reputation as a peptide hormone of pregnancy. However, relaxin and
other relaxin family peptides are now associated with numerous non-reproductive physiologies and disease states. The new millennium
bought with it the sequence of the human genome and subsequently new directions for relaxin research. In 2002, the ancestral
relaxin gene RLN3 was identified from genome databases. The relaxin-3 peptide is highly expressed in a small region of the brain and in species
from teleost to primates and has both conserved sequence and sites of expression. Combined with the discovery of the relaxin
family peptide receptors, interest in the role of the relaxin family peptides in the central nervous system has been reignited.
This review explores the relaxin family peptides that are expressed in or act upon the brain, the receptors that mediate their
actions, and what is currently known of their functions. 相似文献
298.
299.
300.
J.R. Partington M.B.E. D.Sc. 《Annals of science》2013,70(3):229-252
Nach einigen einleitenden Bemerkungen zur Bedeutung von Fachzeitschriften für die Entwicklung der Wissenschaften und einem Hinweis auf die wichtigsten Abschnitte des Lebenslaufes von August Leopold Crelle (1780–1855) wird seine herausragende Rolle als Gründer und Herausgeber wissenschaftlicher Fachzeitschriften gewürdigt. Zunächst wird die dabei von Crelle besonders für das Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik geleistete Arbeit ausführlicher dargestellt, dem sich der Versuch einer Einschätzung der Bedeutung dieser Zeitschrift mit Hilfe quantitativer Kennziffern anschließt. Schließlich wird die Bedeutung des gleichfalls von Crelle begründeten Journals für die Baukunst untersucht und herausgearbeitet, daß durch das Baujournal den deutschen Ingenieuren wichtige Informationen und Erfahrungen aus dem technisch fortgeschrittenerem Ausland übermittelt wurden. Abschließend werden fünf unveröffentlichte Dokumente im Wortlaut wiedergegeben, die mit der vorstehenden Thematik im Zusammenhang stehen. 相似文献