“X男／女”的词语模语义建构和语用理据分析

“X男/女”词族近年来涌现出很多新成员,对“X男/女”这一词族进行词语模语义建构分析,指出“X男/女”词语模之所以会流行,除了因为其语义建构符合语言的经济原则和语义的关注原则,外部语用环境也起着重要的作用。     

Extraction of a weak climatic signal by an ecosystem

The complexity of ecosystems can cause subtle and chaotic responses to changes in external forcing. Although ecosystems may not normally behave chaotically, sensitivity to external influences associated with nonlinearity can lead to amplification of climatic signals. Strong correlations between an El Ni?o index and rainfall and maize yield in Zimbabwe have been demonstrated; the correlation with maize yield was stronger than that with rainfall. A second example is the 100,000-year ice-age cycle, which may arise from a weak cycle in radiation through its influence on the concentration of atmospheric CO2 (ref. 5). Such integration of a weak climatic signal has yet to be demonstrated in a realistic theoretical system. Here we use a particular climatic phenomenon-the observed association between plankton populations around the UK and the position of the Gulf Stream-as a probe to demonstrate how a detailed marine ecosystem model extracts a weak signal that is spread across different meteorological variables. Biological systems may therefore respond to climatic signals other than those that dominate the driving variables.     

The p53 tumour suppressor gene

The cell cycle is composed of a series of steps which can be negatively or positively regulated by various factors. Chief among the negative regulators is the p53 protein. Alteration or inactivation of p53 by mutation, or by its interactions with oncogene products of DNA tumour viruses, can lead to cancer. These mutations seem to be the most common genetic change in human cancers.     

无线扩频调制调器的应用研究

介绍一种采用可编程数字扩频处理模块设计的无线扩频Modem,论文首先概述了该无线扩频Modem的硬件系统构成,然后详细讨论了实现该无线扩频Modem的关键技术－－扩频处理模块内部参数寄存器的设置方法,最后给出了系统测试结果。     

两种毛壳菌对几种植物病原菌的生防效果分析

将角毛壳菌和球毛壳菌与立枯丝核菌等5种植物病原菌进行对峙试验,结果表明,球毛壳菌和角毛壳菌对几种病原菌的抑制作用明显．球毛壳菌主要通过竞争作用、重寄生作用抑制病原菌,角毛壳菌主要通过产生红色拮抗物质、竞争作用抑制病原菌的生长．     

辽河油田齐40块蒸汽驱二氧化碳成因分析

渤海湾盆地辽河油田欢喜岭地区齐40块稠油油藏历经多年的蒸汽驱开发,其伴生气体中CO_2含量已上升至60%～90%。通过对该区块的油藏条件及开发前后的储层流体矿物分析,认为CO_2浓度的上升主要由于蒸汽驱开发导致油藏温度升高,储层流体和矿物发生化学反应结果,其中与CO_2形成有关的化学反应包括:稠油水裂解、硫酸盐热还原、矿物碳酸盐的分解与转化。室内模拟实验结果结合现场伴生气体的δ~(13)C_(CO_2)值(+1.7‰～+6.6‰)证实了CO_2主要来源为碳酸盐岩的分解。     

Zebrafish miR-214 modulates Hedgehog signaling to specify muscle cell fate

Numerous microRNAs (miRNAs) have been discovered in the genomes of higher eukaryotes, and functional studies indicate that they are important during development. However, little is known concerning the function of individual miRNAs. We approached this problem in zebrafish by combining identification of miRNA expression, functional analyses and experimental validation of potential targets. We show that miR-214 is expressed during early segmentation stages in somites and that varying its expression alters the expression of genes regulated by Hedgehog signaling. Inhibition of miR-214 results in a reduction or loss of slow-muscle cell types. We show that su(fu) mRNA, encoding a negative regulator of Hedgehog signaling, is targeted by miR-214. Through regulation of su(fu), miR-214 enables precise specification of muscle cell types by sharpening cellular responses to Hedgehog.     

Variation in FTO contributes to childhood obesity and severe adult obesity

We identified a set of SNPs in the first intron of the FTO (fat mass and obesity associated) gene on chromosome 16q12.2 that is consistently strongly associated with early-onset and severe obesity in both adults and children of European ancestry with an experiment-wise P value of 1.67 x 10(-26) in 2,900 affected individuals and 5,100 controls. The at-risk haplotype yields a proportion of attributable risk of 22% for common obesity. We conclude that FTO contributes to human obesity and hence may be a target for subsequent functional analyses.     

Estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) gene amplification is frequent in breast cancer

Using an Affymetrix 10K SNP array to screen for gene copy number changes in breast cancer, we detected a single-gene amplification of the ESR1 gene, which encodes estrogen receptor alpha, at 6q25. A subsequent tissue microarray analysis of more than 2,000 clinical breast cancer samples showed ESR1 amplification in 20.6% of breast cancers. Ninety-nine percent of tumors with ESR1 amplification showed estrogen receptor protein overexpression, compared with 66.6% cancers without ESR1 amplification (P < 0.0001). In 175 women who had received adjuvant tamoxifen monotherapy, survival was significantly longer for women with cancer with ESR1 amplification than for women with estrogen receptor-expressing cancers without ESR1 amplification (P = 0.023). Notably, we also found ESR1 amplification in benign and precancerous breast diseases, suggesting that ESR1 amplification may be a common mechanism in proliferative breast disease and a very early genetic alteration in a large subset of breast cancers.     

The Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome protein mediates translational activation of ribosomes in yeast

The autosomal recessive disorder Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, characterized by bone marrow failure and leukemia predisposition, is caused by deficiency of the highly conserved Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome (SBDS) protein. Here, we identify the function of the yeast SBDS ortholog Sdo1, showing that it is critical for the release and recycling of the nucleolar shuttling factor Tif6 from pre-60S ribosomes, a key step in 60S maturation and translational activation of ribosomes. Using genome-wide synthetic genetic array mapping, we identified multiple TIF6 gain-of-function alleles that suppressed the pre-60S nuclear export defects and cytoplasmic mislocalization of Tif6 observed in sdo1Delta cells. Sdo1 appears to function within a pathway containing elongation factor-like 1, and together they control translational activation of ribosomes. Thus, our data link defective late 60S ribosomal subunit maturation to an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome associated with leukemia predisposition.