全文获取类型
收费全文 | 113412篇 |
免费 | 1566篇 |
国内免费 | 2547篇 |
专业分类
系统科学 | 3000篇 |
丛书文集 | 2470篇 |
教育与普及 | 2316篇 |
理论与方法论 | 756篇 |
现状及发展 | 35207篇 |
研究方法 | 1380篇 |
综合类 | 70197篇 |
自然研究 | 2199篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 1097篇 |
2015年 | 1383篇 |
2014年 | 1920篇 |
2013年 | 2166篇 |
2012年 | 2283篇 |
2011年 | 4631篇 |
2010年 | 2179篇 |
2009年 | 2716篇 |
2008年 | 3363篇 |
2007年 | 3350篇 |
2006年 | 2867篇 |
2005年 | 3002篇 |
2004年 | 3377篇 |
2003年 | 2927篇 |
2002年 | 2671篇 |
2001年 | 3016篇 |
2000年 | 2794篇 |
1999年 | 3770篇 |
1998年 | 3066篇 |
1997年 | 3277篇 |
1996年 | 2871篇 |
1995年 | 2448篇 |
1994年 | 2592篇 |
1993年 | 2339篇 |
1992年 | 2491篇 |
1991年 | 2139篇 |
1990年 | 2126篇 |
1989年 | 1810篇 |
1988年 | 1579篇 |
1987年 | 1348篇 |
1986年 | 1179篇 |
1985年 | 1176篇 |
1984年 | 942篇 |
1981年 | 909篇 |
1980年 | 1001篇 |
1979年 | 1754篇 |
1978年 | 1505篇 |
1977年 | 1501篇 |
1976年 | 1297篇 |
1975年 | 1275篇 |
1974年 | 1340篇 |
1973年 | 1464篇 |
1972年 | 1471篇 |
1971年 | 1591篇 |
1970年 | 1789篇 |
1969年 | 1587篇 |
1968年 | 1515篇 |
1967年 | 1429篇 |
1966年 | 1219篇 |
1965年 | 966篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
991.
The rotation rates of asteroids, which are deduced from periodic fluctuations in their brightnesses, are controlled by mutual collisions. The link between asteroid spin and collision history is usually made with reference to impact experiments on centimetre-scale targets, where material strength governs the impact response. Recent work, however, indicates that for objects of the size of most observed asteroids (> or = 1 km in diameter), gravity rather than intrinsic strength controls the dynamic response to collisions. Here we explore this idea by modelling the effect of impacts on large gravitating bodies. We find that the fraction of a projectile's angular momentum that is retained by a target asteroid is both lower and more variable than expected from laboratory experiments, with spin evolution being dominated by 'catastrophic' collisions that eject approximately 50 per cent of the target's mass. The remnant of an initially non-rotating silicate asteroid that suffers such a collision rotates at a rate of approximately 2.9 per day, which is close to the observed mean asteroid rotation rate of approximately 2.5 d-1. Moreover, our calculations suggest that the observed trend in the mean spin frequency for different classes of asteroids (2.2 d-1 for C-type asteroids, 2.5 d-1 for S-type, and 4.0 d-1 for M-type) is due to increasing mean density, rather than increasing material strength. 相似文献
992.
王润杰 《哈尔滨师范大学自然科学学报》1997,13(1):1-4
本文讨论原子核反应堆系统在受外部中子源干扰时的最优控制问题。本文将散射裂变截面函数作为控制变量,以“范数最小”来衡量其最优性,证明了反应堆系统在受扰动时可控的,并给出了系统最优存在性和可逼近性。 相似文献
993.
994.
以动力蓄电池为能源的电动汽车被认为是21世纪的绿色工程,而快速充电技术是电动汽车推广的一个关键.本文深入分析了铅酸蓄电池的微观与宏观充电特性,在一个蓄电池的四阶动态模型的基础上,提出了一种能够按马斯定律对蓄电池快速无伤害充电的智能充电算法.并提出了模型的动态修正和充电电流在线实时调整的方法 相似文献
995.
考虑在惯性空间中全充液挠性飞行器的控制模型,轻挠性梁一端固于刚体,另一端自由。系统动力学方程由主刚体欧拉方程、液体的平均化Helmholtz方程和梁的欧拉方程耦合而成。研究表明,借用适当的作用于梁自由端的边界控制,作用于主刚体的控制力矩及作用于液体“等效刚体”的阻尼力矩,能使整个系统稳定。 相似文献
996.
从连续介质力学的观点出发,建立了描述非饱和多孔介质内部热质传递现象的二维稳态模型.并用此模型对水平多孔窗的传热传质过程进行了数值模拟,得到了不同运行工况下的床内各量的场分布及其蒸发制冷量分布,从而揭示了环境参数与多孔窗内部热质传递及其换热性能之间的内在联系. 相似文献
997.
S. Fujino K. Satoh T. Nakai K. Togashi T. Kado M. Fujino T. Arima M. Fujino 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1993,49(2):138-144
The excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling process in single twitch fibres from frog toe muscle was inhibited selectively by phenylglyoxal (PGO), a specific guanidyl modifying reagent. A new protein (31.5 kDa), which has PGO-binding ability and seems to play a key role in the E-C coupling process, was solubilized from transverse tubule membrane-junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum complexes (TTM-JSR) of frog skeletal muscles, using14C-PGO. The monoclonal antibody against this protein applied extracellularly inhibited the E-C coupling process of the single fibres. This protein appears to constitute the very first step of input for E-C coupling. It is considered to behave as an indispensable part of an electrometer to measure membrane potentials. Therefore, the name electrometrin is suggested for the new protein. 相似文献
998.
H. U. Wanner 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1993,49(9):754-758
Most air pollutants do not lead to specific diseases. Depending on the pollutant, the concentration and the duration of exposure, some organs are more affected than others. The most frequent disorders are those caused by irritant gases and particulates on the mucous membranes and respiratory organs. The consequences are eye, nose and throat inflammations, diminished lung function, increased susceptability to respiratory infection and a higher incidence of chronic bronchitis. These disorders and diseases are, of course, influenced by other factors as well, such as immune deficiency, allergies, occupational exposure to pollutants, and particularly smoking. The effects of air pollutants are, therefore, multifactorially conditioned and nonspecific disorders are placed in the foreground. Evidence for an association of air pollution with adverse effects on human health is drawn from three sources: animal experiments, experimental human exposures, and epidemiologic studies of exposed human populations. The burden of atmospheric pollution must be reduced to protect human health by an adequate safety margin. In particular, the increased sensitivity of sick and aged people as well as children should be taken into account. In defining the maximum emmission levels, preventive aspects should have priority so as to keep the risk of damage to health and the harmful influences on the environment to a minimum.This article Effects of atmospheric pollution on human health by H. U. Wanner is a revised version of the same article that was first published in the Proceedings of the 1990 European Aerosol Conference; special issue of the J. Aerosol Sci., Vol. 21, Suppl. 1 (1990) 389–396.Reprinted with kind permission from Pergamon Press Ltd, Headington Hill Hall, Oxford OX3 0BW, Great Britain. 相似文献
999.
J. K. Lanyi 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1993,49(6-7):514-517
The mechanism of proton transport in the light-driven pump bacteriorhodopsin is beginning to be understood. Light causes the all-trans to 13-cis isomerization of the retinal chromophore. This sets off a sequential and directed series of transient decreases in the pKa's of a) the retinal Schiff base, b) an extracellular proton release complex which includes asp-85, and c) a cytoplasmic proton uptake complex which includes asp-96. The timing of these pK changes during the photoreaction cycle causes sequential proton transfers which result in the net movement of a proton across the protein, from the cytoplasmic to the extracellular surface. 相似文献
1000.
Ecological long-term effects of cultigens becoming feral and of naturalization of non-native species
Transgenic cultigens may become feral as we know of some non-transgenic cultigens. The article explains two basic ways how cultigens become feral: through hybridization with a closely related wild plant and through revert to the wild-type. A long list of examples of cultigens becoming feral in Central Europe is presented. The process of becoming feral is compared to the naturalization of non-native species (Exotic Species Model). Ecological long-term effects of both cultigens becoming feral and non-native species being naturalized are discussed with special regard to the predictability of such events. The ecological aspects discussed in the article are as significant for transgenic cultigens as for non-transgenic cultigens. 相似文献