全文获取类型
收费全文 | 41977篇 |
免费 | 86篇 |
国内免费 | 116篇 |
专业分类
系统科学 | 392篇 |
丛书文集 | 1022篇 |
教育与普及 | 107篇 |
理论与方法论 | 236篇 |
现状及发展 | 18790篇 |
研究方法 | 1598篇 |
综合类 | 19549篇 |
自然研究 | 485篇 |
出版年
2013年 | 214篇 |
2012年 | 527篇 |
2011年 | 1081篇 |
2010年 | 240篇 |
2008年 | 703篇 |
2007年 | 753篇 |
2006年 | 748篇 |
2005年 | 766篇 |
2004年 | 687篇 |
2003年 | 778篇 |
2002年 | 715篇 |
2001年 | 1286篇 |
2000年 | 1220篇 |
1999年 | 768篇 |
1992年 | 739篇 |
1991年 | 606篇 |
1990年 | 645篇 |
1989年 | 643篇 |
1988年 | 643篇 |
1987年 | 637篇 |
1986年 | 650篇 |
1985年 | 792篇 |
1984年 | 622篇 |
1983年 | 539篇 |
1982年 | 470篇 |
1981年 | 496篇 |
1980年 | 598篇 |
1979年 | 1302篇 |
1978年 | 1116篇 |
1977年 | 1114篇 |
1976年 | 825篇 |
1975年 | 872篇 |
1974年 | 1302篇 |
1973年 | 1052篇 |
1972年 | 1072篇 |
1971年 | 1327篇 |
1970年 | 1764篇 |
1969年 | 1385篇 |
1968年 | 1269篇 |
1967年 | 1329篇 |
1966年 | 1127篇 |
1965年 | 827篇 |
1964年 | 220篇 |
1959年 | 503篇 |
1958年 | 731篇 |
1957年 | 577篇 |
1956年 | 486篇 |
1955年 | 442篇 |
1954年 | 483篇 |
1948年 | 265篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
P pili in uropathogenic E. coli are composite fibres with distinct fibrillar adhesive tips. 总被引:25,自引:0,他引:25
Escherichia coli is a frequent cause of several common bacterial infections in humans and animals, including urinary tract infections, bacteraemia and bacteria-related diarrhoea and is also the main cause of neonatal meningitis. Microbial attachment to surfaces is a key event in colonization and infection and results mainly from a stereochemical fit between microbial adhesins and complementary receptors on host cells. Bacterial adhesins required for extracellular colonization by Gram-negative bacteria are often minor components of heteropolymeric fibres called pili which must be oriented in an accessible manner in these structures to be able to bind to specific receptor architectures. P pili mediate the binding of uropathogenic E. coli to a digalactoside receptor determinant present in the urinary tract epithelium. We report here that the adhesin is a component of distinct fibrillar structures present at the tips of the pili. These virulence-associated tip fibrillae are thin, flexible polymers composed mostly of repeating subunits of PapE that frequently terminate with the alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-beta-D-galactopyranose or Gal alpha (1-4)Gal binding PapG adhesin. 相似文献
19.
Y Y He T McNally I Manfield O Navratil I G Old S E Phillips I Saint-Girons P G Stockley 《Nature》1992,359(6394):431-433
The three-dimensional crystal structure of the Escherichia coli methionine repressor, MetJ, complexed with a DNA operator fragment is described in an accompanying article. The complex exhibits several novel features of DNA-protein interaction. DNA sequence recognition is achieved largely by hydrogen-bond contacts between the bases and amino-acid side chains located on a beta-ribbon, a mode of recognition previously hypothesized on the basis of modelling of idealized beta-strands and DNA, and mutagenesis of the Salmonella phage P22 repressors Arc and Mnt. The complex comprises a pair of MetJ repressor dimers which bind to adjacent met-box sites on the DNA, and contact each other by means of a pair of antiparallel alpha-helices. Here we assess the importance of these contacts, and also of contacts that would be made between the C-helices of the protein and DNA in a previous model of the complex, by studying mutations aimed at disrupting them. The role of the carboxy-terminal helix face in operator binding was unclear, but we demonstrate that recognition of operator sequences occurs through side chains in the beta-strand motif and that dimer-dimer interactions are required for effective repression. 相似文献
20.
Linear models are invariant under non-singular, scale-preserving linear transformations, whereas mean square forecast errors (MSFEs) are not. Different rankings may result across models or methods from choosing alternative yet isomorphic representations of a process. One approach can dominate others for comparisons in levels, yet lose to another for differences, to a second for cointegrating vectors and to a third for combinations of variables. The potential for switches in ranking is related to criticisms of the inadequacy of MSFE against encompassing criteria, which are invariant under linear transforms and entail MSFE dominance. An invariant evaluation criterion which avoids misleading outcomes is examined in a Monte Carlo study of forecasting methods. 相似文献