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781.
Moshe Ben-Akiva Jon Bottom Song Gao Haris N. Koutsopoulos Yang Wen 《清华大学学报》2007,12(2):115-130
The authors argue that travel forecasting models should be dynamic and disaggregate in their representation of demand, supply, and supply-demand interactions, and propose a framework for such models. The proposed framework consists of disaggregate activity-based representation of travel choices of individual motorists on the demand side integrated with disaggregate dynamic modeling of network performance, through vehicle-based traffic simulation models on the supply side. The demand model generates individual members of the population and assigns to them socioeconomic characteristics. The generated motorists maintain these characteristics when they are loaded on the network by the supply model. In an equilibrium setting, the framework lends itself to a fixed-point formulation to represent and resolve demand-supply interactions. The paper discusses some of the remaining development challenges and presents an example of an existing travel forecasting model system that incorporates many of the proposed elements. 相似文献
782.
The amino acids L-glutamic and L-aspartic acids form the most widespread excitatory transmitter network in mammalian brain. The excitation produced by L-glutamic acid is important in the early development of the nervous system, synaptic plasticity and memory formation, seizures and neuronal degeneration. The receptors activated by L-glutamic acid are a target for therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative diseases, brain ischaemia and epilepsy. There are two types of receptors for the excitatory amino acids, those that lead to the opening of cation-selective channels and those that activate phospholipase C (ref. 11). The receptors activating ion channels are NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) and kainate/AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate)-sensitive receptors. The complementary DNAs for the kainate/AMPA receptor and for the metabotropic receptor have been cloned. We report here on the isolation and characterization of a protein complex of four major proteins that represents an intact complex of the NMDA receptor ion channel and on the cloning of the cDNA for one of the subunits of this receptor complex, the glutamate-binding protein. 相似文献
783.
MC Turchin CW Chiang CD Palmer S Sankararaman D Reich;Genetic Investigation of ANthropometric Traits 《Nature genetics》2012,44(9):1015-1019
Strong signatures of positive selection at newly arising genetic variants are well documented in humans, but this form of selection may not be widespread in recent human evolution. Because many human traits are highly polygenic and partly determined by common, ancient genetic variation, an alternative model for rapid genetic adaptation has been proposed: weak selection acting on many pre-existing (standing) genetic variants, or polygenic adaptation. By studying height, a classic polygenic trait, we demonstrate the first human signature of widespread selection on standing variation. We show that frequencies of alleles associated with increased height, both at known loci and genome wide, are systematically elevated in Northern Europeans compared with Southern Europeans (P < 4.3 × 10(-4)). This pattern mirrors intra-European height differences and is not confounded by ancestry or other ascertainment biases. The systematic frequency differences are consistent with the presence of widespread weak selection (selection coefficients ~10(-3)-10(-5) per allele) rather than genetic drift alone (P < 10(-15)). 相似文献
784.
785.
图书馆的人力资源建设 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
张世娟 《科技情报开发与经济》2004,14(6):41-41,44
分析了人才资源与图书馆生存和发展的关系,指出:应从发现人才、重用人才和培养人才3个方面建立人才培养机制;同时强调只有加强领导班子建设才能充分发挥人才的作用。 相似文献
786.
王引田 《科技情报开发与经济》2004,14(6):170-171
基于引黄连接段河口至扫石公路的控制性工程——2#隧道破碎段的工程概况与工程地质条件,着重介绍了其支护方案的比选。 相似文献
787.
浅析城市水资源管理及利用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
张泉 《科技情报开发与经济》2004,14(6):84-85
针对城市水环境污染严重、城市水利设施不完善、水资源管理缺乏经济学观念的状况,提出一系列强化城市水资源管理及利用的措施。 相似文献
788.
S M Sisodiya S L Free K A Williamson T N Mitchell C Willis J M Stevens B E Kendall S D Shorvon I M Hanson A T Moore V van Heyningen 《Nature genetics》2001,28(3):214-216
PAX6 is widely expressed in the central nervous system. Heterozygous PAX6 mutations in human aniridia cause defects that would seem to be confined to the eye. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and smell testing reveal the absence or hypoplasia of the anterior commissure and reduced olfaction in a large proportion of aniridia cases, which shows that PAX6 haploinsuffiency causes more widespread human neuro developmental anomalies. 相似文献
789.
介绍了春天湖船闸的概况,阐述了船闸输水系统的布置及特点,指出了船闸的水力特性与停泊条件,对今后船闸输水系统的设计具有借鉴意义。 相似文献
790.