Tryptophane as a tuberculostatic agent

Résumé L'étude d'un précurseur probable dans la production de l'acide nicotinique par leMycobacterium tuberculosis hominis, révéla que les acides aminiques hétérocycliques, qui sont indispensables à plusieurs organismes, comme le tryptophan et l'histidine, sont bactériostatiques à l'organisme. Cet organisme se développait dans une solution synthétique de Proskauer & Beck (Vorwald's modification). Les acides aminiques tels que l'ornithine et l'arginine aidèrent à sa croissance et favorisèrent la production d'acide nicotinique, ressemblant sur ce point à l'asparagine. Des études préliminaires faites sur des cobayes infectés par l'organisme tuberculeux confirmèrent l'effet bactériostatique du tryptophanein vitro. Du tryptophane fut administré, de fa?on sous-cutanée, à raison de 125 mg par jour pour 10 jours consécutifs, immédiatement après l'infection, à un groupe d'animaux. Un second groupe subit le même traitement, mais à deux semaines du jour de l'infection. Un troisième groupe fut infecté, mais laissé sans traitement. Tous ces animaux furent observés pendant 9 semaines. Après examen bactériologique, microscopipue et macroscopique, l'effet bactériostatique du tryptophanein vivo put être démontré.      

Age differences in the cellular response to cerebral lesions in the dog and mouse

Zusammenfassung Die zelluläre Reaktion an traumatischen, mechanisch gesetzten Läsionen in der Gehirnrinde wurde an neugeborenen und erwachsenen Hunden sowie an Mäusen untersucht. Die Heilung der Läsionen in Neugeborenen war so, dass das Gehirngewebe makroskopisch normal aussah; histologisch waren die durchtrennten Elemente durch die Heilungsprozesse unter minimaler glialer Reaktion wieder gut reorganisiert.     

Thiyl radicals in biosystems: effects on lipid structures and metabolisms

Thiyl radicals are intermediates of enzyme- and radical-driven biochemical processes, and their potential as reactive species in the biological environment has been somehow underestimated. From organic chemistry, however, it is known that thiyl radicals isomerize the double bonds of unsaturated fatty acids to a mixture with very dominating trans isomers. Recently, this reaction has been particularly studied for biosystems, focusing on the effect of thiyl radicals on the natural all-cis double bonds of unsaturated phospholipids, which undergo a conversion to the unnatural trans form. In this paper we report briefly the role of thiyl radicals in biosystems, describe the main features of the radical-induced cis-trans isomerization process under both in vitro and in vivo conditions, and reflect on some consequences for membrane structures, lipid metabolism and enzymatic reactions.Received 29 October 2004; received after revision 3 December 2004; accepted 4 January 2005     

Augenrückbildung und Lichtstinn beiAnoptichthys jordani Hubbs und Innes

Summary After hatching, young individuals of the Mexican blind characinAnoptichthys jordani Hubbs and Innes possess small, movable eyes. In the course of growth, the eyes are overlapped by skinfolds and tend to sink into the depth of the orbital cavity. Lens and pupilar opening may disappear and degeneration is to be found in the retina.Even very young blind characins seem to have no vision of movements, while they are able to perceive light. The lower limit is about 0.12 Lux of light intensity. Experiments concerning the localisation of this perception of light are in progress.     

Detection and imaging of atmospheric radio flashes from cosmic ray air showers

The nature of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) at energies >10(20) eV remains a mystery. They are likely to be of extragalactic origin, but should be absorbed within approximately 50 Mpc through interactions with the cosmic microwave background. As there are no sufficiently powerful accelerators within this distance from the Galaxy, explanations for UHECRs range from unusual astrophysical sources to exotic string physics. Also unclear is whether UHECRs consist of protons, heavy nuclei, neutrinos or gamma-rays. To resolve these questions, larger detectors with higher duty cycles and which combine multiple detection techniques are needed. Radio emission from UHECRs, on the other hand, is unaffected by attenuation, has a high duty cycle, gives calorimetric measurements and provides high directional accuracy. Here we report the detection of radio flashes from cosmic-ray air showers using low-cost digital radio receivers. We show that the radiation can be understood in terms of the geosynchrotron effect. Our results show that it should be possible to determine the nature and composition of UHECRs with combined radio and particle detectors, and to detect the ultrahigh-energy neutrinos expected from flavour mixing.