Influence of drugs and neocortical spreading depression on hippocampal ‘arousal reaction’

Zusammenfassung In leichter Barbiturat- oder Chloralosenarkose wird die-Aktivität im Hippocampus, durch äussere oder retikulare Stimulierung induziert, von einer desynchronisierten Hippocampus-Aktivität abgelöst. Die Amplitude dieser durch Anästhetika hervorgerufenen langsamen hohen Wellen wird während der neocortikal sich ausbreitenden Depression reversibel verkleinert.     

Description of Torymus lasallei,sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Torymidae), a species with an unusual ovipositor

ABSTRACT

Torymus lasallei, sp. nov., a species with an unusual ovipositor, reared from galls of Amphibolips spp. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus spp. (Lobatae section) from Mexico, is described. The placement of this new species within the genus Torymus, and the morphology and function of its ovipositor, are discussed.

http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0B9F9B11-DD95-465D-A98C-53742A8099CC     

Creation and diagnosis of a solid-density plasma with an X-ray free-electron laser

Matter with a high energy density (>10(5)?joules per cm(3)) is prevalent throughout the Universe, being present in all types of stars and towards the centre of the giant planets; it is also relevant for inertial confinement fusion. Its thermodynamic and transport properties are challenging to measure, requiring the creation of sufficiently long-lived samples at homogeneous temperatures and densities. With the advent of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) X-ray laser, high-intensity radiation (>10(17)?watts per cm(2), previously the domain of optical lasers) can be produced at X-ray wavelengths. The interaction of single atoms with such intense X-rays has recently been investigated. An understanding of the contrasting case of intense X-ray interaction with dense systems is important from a fundamental viewpoint and for applications. Here we report the experimental creation of a solid-density plasma at temperatures in excess of 10(6) kelvin on inertial-confinement timescales using an X-ray free-electron laser. We discuss the pertinent physics of the intense X-ray-matter interactions, and illustrate the importance of electron-ion collisions. Detailed simulations of the interaction process conducted with a radiative-collisional code show good qualitative agreement with the experimental results. We obtain insights into the evolution of the charge state distribution of the system, the electron density and temperature, and the timescales of collisional processes. Our results should inform future high-intensity X-ray experiments involving dense samples, such as X-ray diffractive imaging of biological systems, material science investigations, and the study of matter in extreme conditions.     

Iron meteorites as remnants of planetesimals formed in the terrestrial planet region

Iron meteorites are core fragments from differentiated and subsequently disrupted planetesimals. The parent bodies are usually assumed to have formed in the main asteroid belt, which is the source of most meteorites. Observational evidence, however, does not indicate that differentiated bodies or their fragments were ever common there. This view is also difficult to reconcile with the fact that the parent bodies of iron meteorites were as small as 20 km in diameter and that they formed 1-2 Myr earlier than the parent bodies of the ordinary chondrites. Here we show that the iron-meteorite parent bodies most probably formed in the terrestrial planet region. Fast accretion times there allowed small planetesimals to melt early in Solar System history by the decay of short-lived radionuclides (such as 26Al, 60Fe). The protoplanets emerging from this population not only induced collisional evolution among the remaining planetesimals but also scattered some of the survivors into the main belt, where they stayed for billions of years before escaping via a combination of collisions, Yarkovsky thermal forces, and resonances. We predict that some asteroids are main-belt interlopers (such as (4) Vesta). A select few may even be remnants of the long-lost precursor material that formed the Earth.     

Onset of post-irradiation depression of chlortetracycline-induced resistance of faecal coliforms in young conventional pigs

Résumé Chez des porcelets totalement irradiés par une dose de LD_50/30 de rayons X, la résistance de la microflore choliforme fécale provoquée par de faibles doses de chlortétracycline commence à céder 15 h après l'exposition.     

Über neue chemotherapeutisch wirksame Sulfonamide

Summary Some new 2- and 4-sulfanilamido-5-alkoxy-pirimidines and their hydroxy-, methoxy-, methylmercapto-and methyl-derivatives were prepared. All of the substances described were tested on white mice infected withStreptococcus pyogenes.     

The problem of ‘conditioning’ the action of antiphlogistic corticoids by the thyroid gland

Zusammenfassung Experimentell wurde die Wirkung von Prednison und Hydrocortisonacetat auf die Entwicklung des Fremdk?rpergranuloms an intakten und an thyreoid- und parathyreoidektomierten Tieren untersucht. Nach beidseitiger Thyreoidektomie konnte keine Unterdrückung der entwicklungshemmenden Effekte der Corticoide festgestellt werden.      

The recent breakup of an asteroid in the main-belt region

The present population of asteroids in the main belt is largely the result of many past collisions. Ideally, the asteroid fragments resulting from each impact event could help us understand the large-scale collisions that shaped the planets during early epochs. Most known asteroid fragment families, however, are very old and have therefore undergone significant collisional and dynamical evolution since their formation. This evolution has masked the properties of the original collisions. Here we report the discovery of a family of asteroids that formed in a disruption event only 5.8 +/- 0.2 million years ago, and which has subsequently undergone little dynamical and collisional evolution. We identified 39 fragments, two of which are large and comparable in size (diameters of approximately 19 and approximately 14 km), with the remainder exhibiting a continuum of sizes in the range 2-7 km. The low measured ejection velocities suggest that gravitational re-accumulation after a collision may be a common feature of asteroid evolution. Moreover, these data can be used to check numerical models of larger-scale collisions.