响应面结合模糊数学感官评价法优化槐花蜜饯配方及品质测定

以新鲜槐花为原料,辅以麦芽糖醇、柠檬酸、鸡蛋清和黄果槲寄生果实多糖等食品添加剂开发低糖槐花蜜饯。通过单因素试验,对鸡蛋清、麦芽糖醇、蜂蜜和黄果槲寄生果实多糖添加量进行筛选,采用响应面结合模糊数学感官评价法优化配方,对其重金属和微生物指标和抗氧化性进行了检验。结果表明,蜜饯最优化参数为鸡蛋清添加量为15%,麦芽糖醇添加量为30%,蜂蜜添加量为10%,黄果槲寄生果实多糖添加量为0.35%,柠檬酸量添加为0.18%、氯化钙添加量和D-异抗坏血酸钠添加量分别为0.01%为0.05%,得到了质地良好的槐花蜜饯产品,颜色均一微黄色,组织状态良好,薄厚均匀、口感细腻、咀嚼性好,槐花风味突出,气味协调。重金属含量低于国家标准限量（＜ 0.05 mg/kg）,未检出沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌,大肠杆菌和霉菌数量等卫生指标符合国家标准。蜜饯具有较强的总抗氧化能力（FRAP）和较好的清除 1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）的作用。研究结果表明,研制的低糖槐花蜜饯感官指标好,其质量符合国家标准,具有很好的营养价值和抗氧化功能。     

钎焊后自然时效对3003/6xxx/3003复合铝合金性能和组织的影响

以6xxx系铝合金为芯材,3003铝合金为两侧皮材,经熔炼、铸造、复合、热轧、冷轧及成品退火制备了厚度为1.5 mm的3层复合铝合金。在600 ℃下模拟钎焊,经空冷后进行1、5、10、15、20、25、30 d的自然时效。结果显示：复合铝合金的强度、维氏硬度在自然时效初期快速增加,20 d后上升缓慢,30 d时抗拉强度、屈服强度、芯材维氏硬度达到最大,分别为242.3 MPa、122.9 MPa、84.0;芯材晶粒尺寸钎焊后较钎焊前略微长大,经不同自然时效时间的芯材晶粒平均尺寸大小相当,表明自然时效不改变芯材晶粒的大小;钎焊后以及经自然时效之后芯材中标识出的第二相为不规则的AlFeSiMnCu相。     

Stability and change in fertility intentions in Britain, 1991-2007

The very low fertility experienced in several European countries in recent decades in the presence of higher intended family sizes has renewed interest in fertility intentions data. While the overall level of childbearing in Britain over the past few decades has remained relatively stable and high in comparison with many other European countries, we have seen sizeable increases in the age at which childbearing starts. This study uses data from the 1991 to 2007 General Household Surveys to examine trends in family intentions data in an attempt to arrive at a better understanding of these recent fertility developments. First, time trends in intended family size are compared with trends in observed fertility. Next, aggregate changes in intentions regarding the level and timing of fertility across the life course for cohorts are investigated together with the extent to which these aggregate intentions are matched by the subsequent childbearing of cohorts. Finally, both change across the life course and uncertainty in family intentions are examined. We conclude by discussing what these findings might tell us about contemporary reproductive decision making.     

Development (and Evolution) of the Universe

I distinguish Nature from the World. I also distinguish development from evolution. Development is progressive change and can be modeled as part of Nature, using a specification hierarchy. I have proposed a ‘canonical developmental trajectory’ of dissipative structures with the stages defined thermodynamically and informationally. I consider some thermodynamic aspects of the Big Bang, leading to a proposal for reviving final cause. This model imposes a ‘hylozooic’ kind of interpretation upon Nature, as all emergent features at higher levels would have been vaguely and episodically present primitively in the lower integrative levels, and were stabilized materially with the developmental emergence of new levels. The specification hierarchy’s form is that of a tree, with its trunk in its lowest level, and so this hierarchy is appropriate for modeling an expanding system like the Universe. It is consistent with this model of differentiation during Big Bang development to view emerging branch tips as having been entrained by multiple finalities because of the top-down integration of the various levels of organization by the higher levels.     

城市水循环健康的评价方法及其应用——以邯郸市主城区为例

健康良性的水循环是实现区域可持续发展的基本保障。为客观诊断邯郸市水循环健康状况,选用综合指数法对其主城区2005～2016年水循环进行了健康评价,并采用模糊模式识别法和集对分析法进行对比验证。结果表明：邯郸市主城区因受到重工业城市背景和产业结构不合理的影响,城市水循环状态为亚健康;随着邯郸市产业结构的调整和水利民生政策的落实,其水循环健康状况逐年好转,2016年已达健康状态。三种评价方法的结果趋势基本一致,说明评价指标体系的构建较为合理,评价方法也较为适用。可见,研究结果为区域水资源综合管理的进一步优化以及社会经济的高质量发展提供了技术参考。     

基于VMD-LSTM-IPSO-GRU的电力负荷预测

为了挖掘电力负荷数据中的潜藏信息,提高负荷预测的精度,针对电力负荷强非线性、非平稳性等特点,提出一种基于变分模态分解(variational mode decomposition,VMD)、优化长短期神经网络(long-term and short-term memory network,LSTM)、改进的粒子群算法(improve particle swarm optimization,IPSO)优化门控循环单元(gated recurrent unit neural network,GRU)的混合预测模型。首先,使用相关性分析确定确定输入因素,再将负荷数据运用VMD算法结合样本熵分解为一系列本征模态分量(intrinsic mode fuction,IMF)和残差量,更加合理地确定分解层数和惩罚因子;其次,根据过零率将这些量划分为低频和高频,低频分量使用LSTM网络,高频分量利用IPSO-GRU网络分别进行预测;最后,将预测结果重构得到电力负荷的最终结果。仿真结果表明,相对于其它常规模型,该混合模型可有效的提取模态特征,具有更高的预测精度。     

Mechanisms underlying celiac disease and its neurologic manifestations

The extra-intestinal manifestations of celiac disease (CD), including ataxia and peripheral neuropathy, are increasingly being recognized as the presenting symptoms of this autoimmune disease. Although there is a greater understanding of the pathogenesis of the intestinal lesions in CD the mechanisms behind the neurologic manifestations of CD have not been elucidated. In this article, the authors review the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind the histopathologic changes in the intestine, discuss the presentation and characteristics of neurologic manifestations of CD, review the data on the mechanisms behind these manifestations, and discuss the diagnosis and treatment of CD. Molecular mimicry and intermolecular help may play a role in the development of neurologic complications.Received 11 March 2004; received after revision 29 October 2004; accepted 12 November 2004     

基于图像块分割及小波空间频率的多聚焦图像融合法

提出了一种基于图像块分割及小波空间频率的多聚焦图像融合算法.采用块区域局部小波空间频率作为图像是否清晰的判断依据,对于明显的清晰和模糊区域,直接选取清晰区域作为融合后的相应块区域;而对于清晰与模糊的边界区域,采用了基于像素的窗口空问频率的方法进行融合处理.实验对比结果表明,该方法明显优于小波变换方法和图像块方法.     

Predictability of Plastic Parts Behaviour Made from Rapid Manufacturing

One of the most important issues to resolve in parts manufactured from rapid manufacturing (RM) technologies is to know their behavior working under real conditions. Total quality manufacturing (TQM) is only possible if mechanical properties are well known in the design stage depending on the processing parameters. This work is mainly focused on testing of several samples made with different selective laser sintering (SLS) parameters and technologies. This procedure is the starting point to establish a basis for designing for RM and the standardization of RM testing. The experiments and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) analyzed the effects of several factors on mechanical properties. The SLS technologies were 3DSystem and EOS. The results show which factor has a large effect on the variables and the interaction between them. The conclusions are very useful for developing rules for designing (designing for RM) and creating new standard rules (ISO, AISI, and DIN) for RM materials and parts testing. The ANOVA gives a better knowledge of the effects of these factors and eliminates unimportant parameters.