Enzymatic synthesis and destruction of carotenoids in mango extracts

Zusammenfassung Eine Biosynthese von Carotin lässt sich in zellfreien karotenoidhaltigen Extrakten reifer Mangofrüchte bei Gegenwart von Glucose oder Azetat beobachten. Dabei zeigt sich gleichzeitig eine Abnahme der Karotenoide.     

Biotin and fatty acid biogenesis inAspergillus flavus

Zusammenfassung Avidin vermindert die Biosynthese von Fettsäuren inAspergillus flavus, die nur von Biotin überwunden wird. Ähnliche Phänomene werden in anderen Pilzen gefunden.     

Temperature effect and thermal impact in lithium-ion batteries: A review

Lithium-ion batteries, with high energy density(up to 705 Wh/L) and power density(up to 10,000 W/L), exhibit high capacity and great working performance. As rechargeable batteries, lithium-ion batteries serve as power sources in various application systems. Temperature, as a critical factor, significantly impacts on the performance of lithium-ion batteries and also limits the application of lithium-ion batteries. Moreover, different temperature conditions result in different adverse effects. Accurate measurement of temperature inside lithiumion batteries and understanding the temperature effects are important for the proper battery management. In this review, we discuss the effects of temperature to lithium-ion batteries at both low and high temperature ranges.The current approaches in monitoring the internal temperature of lithium-ion batteries via both contact and contactless processes are also discussed in the review.     

Regulation of glucose transport in Aspergillus nidulans.

Pyruvate and acetate inhibited the uptake of glucose by Aspergillus nidulans; although there were significant variations in glucose uptake rate, the intracellular concentration of acetate was almost identical in biotin-supplemented, normal and deficient cells. The in vitro activity of glucose-binding protein was not affected by biotin, avidin, acetate or acetyl-CoA.     

Degradation of chlorobenzoates byAspergillus niger

Summary InA. niger, the degradation of chlorobenzoates follows the protocatechuate branch of ß-ketoadipate pathway and the elimination of chloride takes place in the first hydroxylation step prior to ring cleavage.Acknowledgment. We wish to thank B.V. Kamath and Prof. Y.K. Agrawal for their help and advice in completing this investigation.     

Miniaturized gas ionization sensors using carbon nanotubes

Gas sensors operate by a variety of fundamentally different mechanisms. Ionization sensors work by fingerprinting the ionization characteristics of distinct gases, but they are limited by their huge, bulky architecture, high power consumption and risky high-voltage operation. Here we report the fabrication and successful testing of ionization microsensors featuring the electrical breakdown of a range of gases and gas mixtures at carbon nanotube tips. The sharp tips of nanotubes generate very high electric fields at relatively low voltages, lowering breakdown voltages several-fold in comparison to traditional electrodes, and thereby enabling compact, battery-powered and safe operation of such sensors. The sensors show good sensitivity and selectivity, and are unaffected by extraneous factors such as temperature, humidity, and gas flow. As such, the devices offer several practical advantages over previously reported nanotube sensor systems. The simple, low-cost, sensors described here could be deployed for a variety of applications, such as environmental monitoring, sensing in chemical processing plants, and gas detection for counter-terrorism.     

Studies onr II region of T2-phage

Zusammenfassung Untersuchungen derr _II-Region desT ₂-Bakteriophagen. Es wurde eine genetische Analyse derr _II-Region desT ₂-Bakteriophagen durchgeführt zur Feststellung, ob die Befunde, die sich auf die Funktionsteile innerhalb derr _II-Region desT ₄-Phagen beziehen, in bezug auf dier _II-Region desT ₂-Phagen verallgemeinert werden können. Die Mutanten wurden mit Hilfe von 5-Bromouracil und Akridineorange isoliert und dieh ⁺ r-Mutanten nach demselben Schema wie fürT ₄-Phagen weiter differenziert. Sechzig ausgewählte Mutanten wurden nach funktionaler Identität geprüft, was zur Feststellung führte, dass die gesamte Region als eine Einheit funktioniert.