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41.
Pattern of remyelination in the CNS 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
42.
Central remyelination restores secure conduction. 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
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Jerry N. McDonald 《西北部美国博物学家》2011,45(3)
A partial cranium belonging to the extinct woodland musk - ox, Symbos cavifrons, is reported from the headwaters of Oak Creek, Delta County, Colorado. This is the first cranium of the genus Symbos to be described from the Colorado Plateau, and it helps to define the southwest boundary of the known range of the genus. 相似文献
45.
Gregory SG Barlow KF McLay KE Kaul R Swarbreck D Dunham A Scott CE Howe KL Woodfine K Spencer CC Jones MC Gillson C Searle S Zhou Y Kokocinski F McDonald L Evans R Phillips K Atkinson A Cooper R Jones C Hall RE Andrews TD Lloyd C Ainscough R Almeida JP Ambrose KD Anderson F Andrew RW Ashwell RI Aubin K Babbage AK Bagguley CL Bailey J Beasley H Bethel G Bird CP Bray-Allen S Brown JY Brown AJ Buckley D Burton J Bye J Carder C Chapman JC Clark SY Clarke G Clee C Cobley V Collier RE Corby N 《Nature》2006,441(7091):315-321
The reference sequence for each human chromosome provides the framework for understanding genome function, variation and evolution. Here we report the finished sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Chromosome 1 is gene-dense, with 3,141 genes and 991 pseudogenes, and many coding sequences overlap. Rearrangements and mutations of chromosome 1 are prevalent in cancer and many other diseases. Patterns of sequence variation reveal signals of recent selection in specific genes that may contribute to human fitness, and also in regions where no function is evident. Fine-scale recombination occurs in hotspots of varying intensity along the sequence, and is enriched near genes. These and other studies of human biology and disease encoded within chromosome 1 are made possible with the highly accurate annotated sequence, as part of the completed set of chromosome sequences that comprise the reference human genome. 相似文献
46.
McDonald D Vogelstein B King MC Hong WK Augustin H Hanahan D Lippman M 《Nature》2006,440(7087):978-979
47.
Identification of receptors for neuromedin U and its role in feeding 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
Howard AD Wang R Pong SS Mellin TN Strack A Guan XM Zeng Z Williams DL Feighner SD Nunes CN Murphy B Stair JN Yu H Jiang Q Clements MK Tan CP McKee KK Hreniuk DL McDonald TP Lynch KR Evans JF Austin CP Caskey CT Van der Ploeg LH Liu Q 《Nature》2000,406(6791):70-74
Neuromedin U (NMU) is a neuropeptide with potent activity on smooth muscle which was isolated first from porcine spinal cord and later from other species. It is widely distributed in the gut and central nervous system. Peripheral activities of NMU include stimulation of smooth muscle, increase of blood pressure, alteration of ion transport in the gut, control of local blood flow and regulation of adrenocortical function. An NMU receptor has not been molecularly identified. Here we show that the previously described orphan G-protein-coupled receptor FM-3 (ref. 15) and a newly discovered one (FM-4) are cognate receptors for NMU. FM-3, designated NMU1R, is abundantly expressed in peripheral tissues whereas FM-4, designated NMU2R, is expressed in specific regions of the brain. NMU is expressed in the ventromedial hypothalamus in the rat brain, and its level is significantly reduced following fasting. Intracerebroventricular administration of NMU markedly suppresses food intake in rats. These findings provide a molecular basis for the biochemical activities of NMU and may indicate that NMU is involved in the central control of feeding. 相似文献
48.
Involuntary orienting to sound improves visual perception 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
To perceive real-world objects and events, we need to integrate several stimulus features belonging to different sensory modalities. Although the neural mechanisms and behavioural consequences of intersensory integration have been extensively studied, the processes that enable us to pay attention to multimodal objects are still poorly understood. An important question is whether a stimulus in one sensory modality automatically attracts attention to spatially coincident stimuli that appear subsequently in other modalities, thereby enhancing their perceptual salience. The occurrence of an irrelevant sound does facilitate motor responses to a subsequent light appearing nearby. However, because participants in previous studies made speeded responses rather than psychophysical judgements, it remains unclear whether involuntary auditory attention actually affects the perceptibility of visual stimuli as opposed to postperceptual decision and response processes. Here we provide psychophysical evidence that a sudden sound improves the detectability of a subsequent flash appearing at the same location. These data show that the involuntary orienting of attention to sound enhances early perceptual processing of visual stimuli. 相似文献
49.