Proteomic analysis of active multiple sclerosis lesions reveals therapeutic targets

Understanding the neuropathology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is essential for improved therapies. Therefore, identification of targets specific to pathological types of MS may have therapeutic benefits. Here we identify, by laser-capture microdissection and proteomics, proteins unique to three major types of MS lesions: acute plaque, chronic active plaque and chronic plaque. Comparative proteomic profiles identified tissue factor and protein C inhibitor within chronic active plaque samples, suggesting dysregulation of molecules associated with coagulation. In vivo administration of hirudin or recombinant activated protein C reduced disease severity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and suppressed Th1 and Th17 cytokines in astrocytes and immune cells. Administration of mutant forms of recombinant activated protein C showed that both its anticoagulant and its signalling functions were essential for optimal amelioration of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. A proteomic approach illuminated potential therapeutic targets selective for specific pathological stages of MS and implicated participation of the coagulation cascade.     

春潮

春天来了,万物复苏,三家平时不动声色的超级豪华轿车制造商不约而同地有了行动。一时间,宾利出了四门车大陆 Flying Spur(Continental Flying Spur),劳斯莱斯加长了幻影(Phantom),迈巴赫(Maybach)为3月开幕的日内瓦车展带来了新开发的迈巴赫57特别版     

磁控溅射用于细微颗粒涂镀功能薄膜的新技术

磁控溅射是一项成熟的技术,可用在各种基体上沉积高质量金属及陶瓷涂层。然而,此项技术一般并不适于涂镀微粒粒度为nm或μm到100μm的细微粒涂层。本文详述了一种可涂镀微粒粒径在上述范围的均匀功能薄膜的技术。在磁场下面安放的一个碗状容器内放有微粒子,容器可以振动可使粒子均匀地振出碗边沉落到真空腔,薄膜沉积工艺为反应或非反应脉冲磁控溅射。Ti,Ti O2,Sn及Sn O2从单磁场源沉积,而Bi/W的氧化物从双磁场源沉积。用SEM,TEM和EDX,以及其它与应用相关的技术表征所沉积的微粒,以表明此项技术的潜在功能。     

Structure of a bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit at 5.5 A resolution.

The 30S ribosomal subunit binds messenger RNA and the anticodon stem-loop of transfer RNA during protein synthesis. A crystallographic analysis of the structure of the subunit from the bacterium Thermus thermophilus is presented. At a resolution of 5.5 A, the phosphate backbone of the ribosomal RNA is visible, as are the alpha-helices of the ribosomal proteins, enabling double-helical regions of RNA to be identified throughout the subunit, all seven of the small-subunit proteins of known crystal structure to be positioned in the electron density map, and the fold of the entire central domain of the small-subunit ribosomal RNA to be determined.     

试论我国政府经济职能的科学定位

介绍了政府经济职能的内涵、发达市场经济国家政府经济职能的定位和我国政府经济职能的科学定位，提出了我国经济发展面临的新问题。     

The spread of HIV-1 in Africa: sexual contact patterns and the predicted demographic impact of AIDS

The spread of HIV-1 in Africa is examined here in the light of recent information on the main epidemiological and behavioural determinants of transmission. Mathematical models incorporating demographic, epidemiological and behavioural processes are used to assess the potential demographic impact of the disease AIDS. These analyses highlight the significance of patterns of sexual behaviour, and in particular networks of sexual contact, on the predicted spread of infection. Current data reveal substantial variations in the degree of spread between and in countries, but new analyses support earlier predictions that in the worst-afflicted areas AIDS is likely to change population growth rates from positive to negative values in a few decades.     

风险与无常

在科学的边界上我们并不是始终能知道将会发生些什么?     

Transmission dynamics of HIV infection

Simple mathematical models of the transmission dynamics of human immunodeficiency virus help to clarify some of the essential relations between epidemiological factors, such as distributed incubation periods and heterogeneity in sexual activity, and the overall pattern of the AIDS epidemic. They also help to identify what kinds of epidemiological data are needed to make predictions of future trends.     

Chemical excitability of axons: excitatory and inhibititory effects of putative neurotransmitters and modulators on frog sciatic nerves.

The microiontophoretic administration of putative neuromodulators (acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, 2-phenylethylamine, tryptamine, histamine) triggered firing or inhibited on-going activity in isolated frog sciatic nerves.