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31.
The hedging of weather risks has become extremely relevant in recent years, promoting the diffusion of weather‐derivative contracts. The pricing of such contracts requires the development of appropriate models for the prediction of the underlying weather variables. Within this framework, a commonly used specification is the ARFIMA‐GARCH. We provide a generalization of such a model, introducing time‐varying memory coefficients. Our model satisfies the empirical evidence of the changing memory level observed in average temperature series, and provides useful improvements in the forecasting, simulation, and pricing issues related to weather derivatives. We present an application related to the forecast and simulation of a temperature index density, which is then used for the pricing of weather options. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Vincenzo Luca Massimiliano Olivi Antonio Di Grazia Claudio Palleschi Daniela Uccelletti Maria Luisa Mangoni 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2014,71(13):2535-2546
Candida albicans represents one of the most prevalent species causing life-threatening fungal infections. Current treatments to defeat Candida albicans have become quite difficult, due to their toxic side effects and the emergence of resistant strains. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are fascinating molecules with a potential role as novel anti-infective agents. However, only a few studies have been performed on their efficacy towards the most virulent hyphal phenotype of this pathogen. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the anti-Candida activity of the N-terminal 1–18 fragment of the frog skin AMP esculentin-1b, Esc(1–18), under both in vitro and in vivo conditions using Caenorhabditis elegans as a simple host model for microbial infections. Our results demonstrate that Esc(1–18) caused a rapid reduction in the number of viable yeast cells and killing of the hyphal population. Esc(1–18) revealed a membrane perturbing effect which is likely the basis of its mode of action. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing the ability of a frog skin AMP-derived peptide (1) to kill both growing stages of Candida; (2) to promote survival of Candida-infected living organisms and (3) to inhibit transition of these fungal cells from the roundish yeast shape to the more dangerous hyphal form at sub-inhibitory concentrations. 相似文献
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Ephemeral Properties and the Illusion of Microscopic Particles 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Massimiliano Sassoli de Bianchi 《Foundations of Science》2011,16(4):393-409
Founding our analysis on the Geneva-Brussels approach to quantum mechanics, we use conventional macroscopic objects as guiding examples to clarify the content of two important results of the beginning of twentieth century: Einstein?CPodolsky?CRosen??s reality criterion and Heisenberg??s uncertainty principle. We then use them in combination to show that our widespread belief in the existence of microscopic particles is only the result of a cognitive illusion, as microscopic particles are not particles, but are instead the ephemeral spatial and local manifestations of non-spatial and non-local entities. 相似文献
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Emerging topics and new perspectives on HLA-G 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Fainardi E Castellazzi M Stignani M Morandi F Sana G Gonzalez R Pistoia V Baricordi OR Sokal E Peña J 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2011,68(3):433-451
Following the Fifth International Conference on non-classical HLA-G antigens (HLA-G), held in Paris in July 2009, we selected
some topics which focus on emerging aspects in the setting of HLA-G functions. In particular, HLA-G molecules could play a
role in: (1) various inflammatory disorders, such as multiple sclerosis, intracerebral hemorrhage, gastrointestinal, skin
and rheumatic diseases, and asthma, where they may act as immunoregulatory factors; (2) the mechanisms to escape immune surveillance
utilized by several viruses, such as human cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus type 1, rabies virus, hepatitis C virus,
influenza virus type A and human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1); and (3) cytokine/chemokine network and stem cell transplantation,
since they seem to modulate cell migration by the downregulation of chemokine receptor expression and mesenchymal stem cell
activity blocking of effector cell functions and the generation of regulatory T cells. However, the immunomodulatory circuits
mediated by HLA-G proteins still remain to be clarified. 相似文献
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Diederik Aerts Jonito Aerts Arguëlles Lester Beltran Suzette Geriente Massimiliano Sassoli de Bianchi Sandro Sozzo Tomas Veloz 《Foundations of Science》2018,23(2):323-335
We present a cognitive psychology experiment where participants were asked to select pairs of spatial directions that they considered to be the best example of Two different wind directions. Data are shown to violate the CHSH version of Bell’s inequality with the same magnitude as in typical Bell-test experiments with entangled spins. Wind directions thus appear to be conceptual entities connected through meaning, in human cognition, in a similar way as spins appear to be entangled in experiments conducted in physics laboratories. This is the first part of a two-part article. In the second part (Aerts et al. in Found Sci, 2017) we present a symmetrized version of the same experiment for which we provide a quantum modeling of the collected data in Hilbert space. 相似文献
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Positional identification of TNFSF4, encoding OX40 ligand, as a gene that influences atherosclerosis susceptibility 总被引:25,自引:0,他引:25
Wang X Ria M Kelmenson PM Eriksson P Higgins DC Samnegård A Petros C Rollins J Bennet AM Wiman B de Faire U Wennberg C Olsson PG Ishii N Sugamura K Hamsten A Forsman-Semb K Lagercrantz J Paigen B 《Nature genetics》2005,37(4):365-372
Ath1 is a quantitative trait locus on mouse chromosome 1 that renders C57BL/6 mice susceptible and C3H/He mice resistant to diet-induced atherosclerosis. The quantitative trait locus region encompasses 11 known genes, including Tnfsf4 (also called Ox40l or Cd134l), which encodes OX40 ligand. Here we report that mice with targeted mutations of Tnfsf4 had significantly (P 相似文献
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