共振光电子及俄歇电子出电势谱复合分析管的研制和应用

一、引言共振光电子出现电势谱(RPAPS)的主要特点是对杂质元素的分辨率均优于同样条件下的软x射线出现电势谱(SXAPS)并与二次离子谱仪(SIMS)相妣美,因此它是一种对表面杂质分析相当灵敏的有用的出现电势谱。俄歇电子出现电势谱是芯能级谱中灵敏度最离的一种出现电势谱,而三极式结构的俄歇电子出现电势谱又最适于各种场合和各种类型材料的分析,     

State transfer control of quantum systems on the Bloch sphere

The state transfer under control fields is analyzed based on the Bloch sphere representation of a single qubit. In order to achieve the target from an arbitrary initial state to a target state, the conditions that parameters should satisfy are deduced separately in two different requirements: One is in the case of the rotation angle around the x-axis being fixed and another is in the situation with a given evolution time. Several typical states trajectories are demonstrated by numerical simulations on the Bloch sphere. The relations between parameters and the trajectories are analyzed.     

Method of adaptive PLL bandwidth adjustment without phase slipping

In a system based on the phase lock loop（PLL）, a trade-off must be made between the tracking precision and the dynamic performance if constant parameters are adopted. To overcome this drawback, a new method called no phase slipping adaptive bandwidth（NPS-AB） is proposed, which can adjust the loop bandwidth adaptively for different working conditions. As a result, both the tracking precision and the dynamic performance can be achieved concurrently. NPS-AB has two features to keep the loop stable： one is the capability of quick response to dynamics; the other is a series of additional constraints when the bandwidth is switched. Compared with other methods, there is no phase slipping during the adjustment process for NPS-AB. The phase integer ambiguity can be avoided and the phase value is kept valid. It is meaningful for carrier ranging systems. Simulation results show that NPS-AB can deal with sudden dynamics and keep the pseudo-range value stable in the entire dynamic process.     

Design of control sequence of pulses for the population transfer of high dimensional spin 1/2 quantum systems

On the basis of the relationship between the Hamiltonian of spin 1/2 quantum system under control and the energy level structure and transitions, a radio frequency pulse sequence is designed using intuitive and half counter-intuitive sequences of pulse to transfer the population of the 3-qubit system coherently. The effectiveness of the designed control sequence is verified through the system simulation experiment of the evolution of state. In principle, the design method of the control pulse sequence proposed can be generalized to use in the quantum systems of higher dimension.     

A second generation human haplotype map of over 3.1 million SNPs

We describe the Phase II HapMap, which characterizes over 3.1 million human single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped in 270 individuals from four geographically diverse populations and includes 25-35% of common SNP variation in the populations surveyed. The map is estimated to capture untyped common variation with an average maximum r2 of between 0.9 and 0.96 depending on population. We demonstrate that the current generation of commercial genome-wide genotyping products captures common Phase II SNPs with an average maximum r2 of up to 0.8 in African and up to 0.95 in non-African populations, and that potential gains in power in association studies can be obtained through imputation. These data also reveal novel aspects of the structure of linkage disequilibrium. We show that 10-30% of pairs of individuals within a population share at least one region of extended genetic identity arising from recent ancestry and that up to 1% of all common variants are untaggable, primarily because they lie within recombination hotspots. We show that recombination rates vary systematically around genes and between genes of different function. Finally, we demonstrate increased differentiation at non-synonymous, compared to synonymous, SNPs, resulting from systematic differences in the strength or efficacy of natural selection between populations.     

麦草碱木质素的氧化和磺甲基化改性

针对麦草碱木质素水溶性差、相对分子质量低的问题,以Fenton试剂为氧化剂、亚硫酸钠为磺化剂对麦草浆碱木质素进行氧化和磺甲基化改性.采用分子轨道理论对碱木质素和羟甲基化碱木质素分子单元进行了电荷密度计算,发现愈创木基单元中苯环上的C-5位最容易进行磺甲基反应.将麦草碱木质素经氧化后进行磺甲基化反应,得到磺甲基化碱木质素,红外光谱测试表明产物中具有磺酸基的特征吸收峰,电导滴定法测得其磺化度为0.96mmol/g,Zeisel法测得甲氧基含量为5.41%,凝胶渗透色谱测得其重均相对分子质量M-w达6 653.当溶液质量浓度为30 g/L时,溶液表面张力达45.3mN/m.水泥净浆流动度测试表明,产物对水泥净浆的分散性能与木质素磺酸钙相近.     

320排CT低碘浓度联合低管电压在冠脉成像中的应用研究

目的探讨320排螺旋CT低管电压技术联合低碘浓度在冠状动脉成像中的可行性.方法将40例疑似冠心病患者随机分为两组,使用东芝320排螺旋CT进行冠状动脉扫描,分别对两组图像质量进行主观和客观评分,对比有效辐射剂量及碘摄取量.结果 A,B两组的有效辐射剂量及碘摄入量比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),B组患者有效辐射剂量低于A组,且有效辐射剂量较A组降低72.95%,B组患者有效碘摄入量较A组减少18.29%,两组图像噪声值、左冠脉开口处强化CT值差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),B组图像噪声高于A组,两组图像质量主观评分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05).结论 320排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像采用"双低"扫描方案能降低有效辐射剂量和碘摄入量.     

焊接结构及其维修的可靠性分析

本文以马尔科夫链理论研究了焊缝中裂纹的随机扩展过程,并在此基础上分析了焊缝的补焊问题,同时提出了“当量运行次数”的概念.对于工程中可能进行多次维修的结构,文中给出了损伤的稳态分布。最后用优化理论分析了最大经济效益意义上的维修方案。     

CrNiMo钢缺口根部疲劳裂纹萌生的研究

本文采用单边缺口板状试样研究了四种含碳量的CrNiMo钢缺口根部的疲劳裂纹萌生寿命及其萌生机制。裂纹萌生可能有四种方式—沿驻留滑移带压入挤出、微孔聚集型切变、准解理和沿晶机制。文中论述了钢的含碳量、热处理规范及外加应力水平对裂纹形核机制的影响。研究表明:在双对数坐标中,表观循环应力范围和萌生寿命的关系可用两段不同斜率的直线来描述,两段萌生线的分界点随钢的强度水平提高而迅速向低周次范围推移,但两段的裂纹萌生均仍属于应力疲劳范畴。文中分析了微观塑性变形对缺口根部实际循环应力范围和应力循环比的影响,给出了对它们进行修正估算的方法。修正后的实际循环应力范围和萌生寿命的关系可用一条直线反映出来。在此基础上,提出了一种用光滑试样应力疲劳曲线估算缺口根部裂纹萌生寿命的新方法。     

三角形拟线性椭圆组弱解的处处正则性

在自然增长条件下,证明了三角形拟线性椭圆组H~1∩L~(n(r-1)/(2-r))弱解的L~P估计和处处正则性。在平方增长条件下,对有界弱解得到相同的结果。