Erythrocyte chimaerism inW-series anaemic mice after allogeneic splenic transplants to the renal cortex

Résumé Une portion d'une rate allogénique normale été transplantée sur le rein de souris anémiques, génotypeW ^v W ^v , immunosuppressent avec le sérum antilymphocyte; 64% ont guéri. Les cellules hématopoïétiques émigrent hors de la greffe dans la moelle osseuse, s'y fixent, proliférent et remplacent les cellules défectueuses de l'hôte.     

Effects of calcineurin on LTP of rats <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vivo</Emphasis>

Calcineurin (CN) is thought to play a role in the synaptic plastivity and long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus. Based on two LTP models in vivo, a specific inhibitor cyclosporin A (CsA) of CN was observed, which affected LTP in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of the rats. The results indicated that CsA blocked LTP induced by high frequency stimulation (HFS) partly, but it had no effect on the decrease of the onset and peak latency of population spikes (PS) except that it reduced the increase of the amplitude after HFS. On the other hand, CsA blocked LTP induced by ginsenosides (GSS) completely. It suppressed the GSS-enhanced amplitude of PS reversibly and blocked the decrease of the peak latency of PS induced by the GSS. These results suggest that the postsynaptic CN plays a role in the induction of LTP in the hippocampus of the rats.     

Cdc25b phosphatase is required for resumption of meiosis during oocyte maturation

In a wide variety of animal species, oocyte maturation is arrested temporarily at prophase of meiosis I (ref. 1). Resumption of meiosis requires activation of cyclin-dependent kinase-1 (CDK1, p34cdc2), one component of maturation-promoting factor (MPF). The dual specificity phosphatases Cdc25a, Cdc25b and Cdc25c are activators of cyclin-dependent kinases; consequently, they are postulated to regulate cell-cycle progression in meiosis and mitosis as well as the DNA-damage response. We generated Cdc25b-deficient (Cdc25b-/-) mice and found that they are viable. As compared with wildtype cells, fibroblasts from Cdc25b-/- mice grew vigorously in culture and arrested normally in response to DNA damage. Female Cdc25b-/- mice were sterile, and Cdc25b-/- oocytes remained arrested at prophase with low MPF activity. Microinjection of wildtype Cdc25b mRNA into Cdc25b-/- oocytes caused activation of MPF and resumption of meiosis. Thus, Cdc25b-/- female mice are sterile because of permanent meiotic arrest resulting from the inability to activate MPF. Cdc25b is therefore essential for meiotic resumption in female mice. Mice lacking Cdc25b provide the first genetic model for studying the mechanisms regulating prophase arrest in vertebrates.     

A gene expression atlas of the central nervous system based on bacterial artificial chromosomes

The mammalian central nervous system (CNS) contains a remarkable array of neural cells, each with a complex pattern of connections that together generate perceptions and higher brain functions. Here we describe a large-scale screen to create an atlas of CNS gene expression at the cellular level, and to provide a library of verified bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) vectors and transgenic mouse lines that offer experimental access to CNS regions, cell classes and pathways. We illustrate the use of this atlas to derive novel insights into gene function in neural cells, and into principal steps of CNS development. The atlas, library of BAC vectors and BAC transgenic mice generated in this screen provide a rich resource that allows a broad array of investigations not previously available to the neuroscience community.     

The genome sequence of the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa

Neurospora crassa is a central organism in the history of twentieth-century genetics, biochemistry and molecular biology. Here, we report a high-quality draft sequence of the N. crassa genome. The approximately 40-megabase genome encodes about 10,000 protein-coding genes--more than twice as many as in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe and only about 25% fewer than in the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster. Analysis of the gene set yields insights into unexpected aspects of Neurospora biology including the identification of genes potentially associated with red light photobiology, genes implicated in secondary metabolism, and important differences in Ca2+ signalling as compared with plants and animals. Neurospora possesses the widest array of genome defence mechanisms known for any eukaryotic organism, including a process unique to fungi called repeat-induced point mutation (RIP). Genome analysis suggests that RIP has had a profound impact on genome evolution, greatly slowing the creation of new genes through genomic duplication and resulting in a genome with an unusually low proportion of closely related genes.     

A CORBA-Based Multidatabase System——Panorama Project

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Involvement of nitric oxide in the signal transduction of salicylic acid regulating stomatal movement

The effects and the relationship between sali-cylic acid(SA)and nitric oxide(NO) on Vicia faba L.stomatal movement were studied.The results here showed that exogenous SA and NO induced stomatal closure,100μmol/L SA induced a rapid and striking NO increase in the cytosol of guard cells.This phenomenon was largely prevented by 2000μmol/L 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-l-oxyl-3-oxide(PTIO),a specific NO scavenger,and 25μmol/L N^G-nitro-L-Arg-methyl eater (L-NAME),an inhibitor of NO synthase(NOS) in mammalian cells that also inhibits plant NOS.In addition,SA-induced stomatal closure was largely prevented by PTIO and L-NAME.These results provide evidence that guard cells generate NO in response to SA via NOS-like activity,and that such NO production is required for full stomatal closure in response to SA.H-(1,2,4)-oxadiazole-[4,3-α]quinoxalin-l-one(ODQ),an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase,and nicotinamide,an antagonist of cADPR production,inhibited the effects of SA-and NO-induced stomatal closure.It suggests that both cGMP and cADPR might mediate the signal transduction of SA and NO-induced stomatal closure.     

竹浆黑液接枝磺化产物的超滤分级及减水分散性能

采用超滤将竹浆黑液接枝磺化产物(GCL1-JB)分成4个不同分子量范围的级分,采用凝胶渗透色谱进行分子量表征,研究了不同分子量的级分对水泥净浆和砂浆性能的影响.结果表明:高分子量级分对水泥净浆和砂浆的减水分散性能优于低分子量级分;高分子量级分(大于50000)掺量为0.5%时,水灰比为0.29的水泥净浆流动度达287mm,120min经时流动度损失为7%,砂浆的3天、7天和28天抗压强度比分别为159.4%、193.4%和143.8%;中等分子量级分具有很强的引气性和缓凝作用,可改善新拌砂浆的工作性,但是硬化砂浆后期的抗压强度较低;中分子量级分(10000～50000)掺量为0.5%时,水泥净浆的初凝时间延长140 min,终凝时间延长297 min,28天砂浆抗压强度比达99.8%.     

花鲈种质资源的研究进展

中、日、韩三国学者对花鲈分类、人工繁殖和养殖技术作了研究,日本学者提出中日花鲈为两种,有待分子水平上的进一步研究确认。花鲈种质问题亟待解决,可通过现代生物技术予以解决。该问题的解决可为花鲈资源保护和持续利用提供理论依据。