Mechanism for the learning deficits in a mouse model of neurofibromatosis type 1.

Neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) is one of the most common single-gene disorders that causes learning deficits in humans. Mice carrying a heterozygous null mutation of the Nfl gene (Nfl(+/-) show important features of the learning deficits associated with NF1 (ref. 2). Although neurofibromin has several known properties and functions, including Ras GTPase-activating protein activity, adenylyl cyclase modulation and microtubule binding, it is unclear which of these are essential for learning in mice and humans. Here we show that the learning deficits of Nf1(+/-) mice can be rescued by genetic and pharmacological manipulations that decrease Ras function. We also show that the Nf1(+/-) mice have increased GABA (gamma-amino butyric acid)-mediated inhibition and specific deficits in long-term potentiation, both of which can be reversed by decreasing Ras function. Our results indicate that the learning deficits associated with NF1 may be caused by excessive Ras activity, which leads to impairments in long-term potentiation caused by increased GABA-mediated inhibition. Our findings have implications for the development of treatments for learning deficits associated with NF1.     

系统可靠性优化的离散多目标决策方法

工程实际中 ,人们往往在追求系统的可靠性达到最大的基础上 ,又追求系统的造价到达最小。另外 ,系统中单元的可靠性有时需从给定的离散集中选取。针对上述现象 ,提出了离散多目标决策方法 ,用于选取大型复杂系统中单元可靠性的最优值。算例表明所提出文方法有效     

Un curare d'une Erythrine africaine

Summary An alcaloid C₁₆H₁₉NO₃ has been isolated fromErythrina tholloniana; the iodohydrate of this erythroidine has a melting point of 225°C and 239°C for its chlorhydrate. It has a powerful curare-like action on the frog or on its isolated sciatic-sartorius preparation; at a concentration of less than 1/1,000,000, a complete neuromuscular block is produced: the electrical stimulation of the motor nerve does not produce any contraction, but the muscle reacts by an end-plate potential having the same characteristics (shape, duration, possibility of summation) as the electrical waves produced in the same preparation curarized by ordinary curare or by quaternary ammonium derivatives. Decurarization by veratrine 1/200,000 is accompanied by the same electrical reactions as those which have been described in preparations treated by curare.On mammals, the alcaloid has little curariform activity; on the isolated phrenic-diaphragm preparation of the rat, incomplete block was produced at a concentration of 1/5000.     

The effect of dehydration on the neurohypophyseal blood flow in rats with hereditary diabetes insipidus

Summary Neurohypophyseal blood flow increases in water-deprived rats. This increase is independent of vasopressin release, since it occurs even in rats with hereditary defect of hypothalamic vasopressin synthesis.Acknowledgment. The technical assistance of D. Vilimovská is acknowledged.     

The effect of D-6-methyl-8-[β-isopropylaminoethyl] ergoline-I on the lactation in nursing rats

D-6-Methyl-8-[-isopropylaminoethyl] ergoline-I [VÚFB-10726], beginning from the dose of 0.05 mg/kg p.o., suppresses lactation through the inhibition of prolactin secretion in nursing rats.     

Discovery of a Miaohe-type Biota from the Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Formation in Jiangkou County, Guizhou Province, China

A megascopic algal fossil assemblage was first discovered by Ma Guogan and Chen Meng‘e in the black shales of the Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Formation in Miaohe Town, Zigui County, Hubei Province in 1978. Formal naming of the Miaohe Biota was proposed by Cheng Meng‘e and Xiao Zongzheng in 199112j, and eleven morphological genera have been previously described. including megascopic algae and putative metazoans .Ding et al. greatly expanded the scope of the Miaohe Biota to 9 phyla consisting of 140 genera, including microphytoplanctons, megascopic algae, metazoans, spongesand trace fossils. Xiao et al. further restudied this fossil assemblage, concluding that only about 18 distinct taxa could be recognized and that many Miaohe taxa are poorly defined or svnonvmous.     

Systems Thinking and Scenario Planning: Application in the Clothing Sector

Industrial sectors that operate in uncertain environments - with demand variability, product seasonality and different industrialisation structures - need studies that enable identification and forecast trends. Therefore, the development of competitiveness extends beyond a company’s individual performance. Collective action, whether toward consumer markets, supplier markets, competitors and substitutes, can reinforce or help reformulate the current practices of an organisation, besides providing better results in the development of strategies and competitive positioning. Thus, clothing, the sector addressed in this work, is characterised by a long, fragmented, heterogeneous production chain, the competitiveness of which is linked to product differentiation. Therefore, the use of systemic approaches to study this sector is effective. In this sense, this research aims at adapting Systems Thinking and Scenario Planning (STSP) so that it supports the development and planning process in a given sector. Thus, this research applies STSP adapted to an analysis of the clothing sector in the northern region of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. As a result, in academic terms, this research proposed and validated a method for analysing industrial sectors of the clothing industry. In the sectoral context, this research identified elements that leverage the sector’s competitiveness, besides generating knowledge and learning aimed at strengthening the sectoral structure identified, and fostering the formation of a new clothing cluster.     

基于GIS的江西省月湖区耕地后备资源宜耕性评价

综合考虑江西省月湖区耕地后备资源立地、土壤、管理3个方面的限制性因素,选出合适的参评指标,通过运行操作yaahp和Arcgis软件,对参评指标进行分级和赋值,根据评价综合得分,得出月湖区耕地后备资源宜耕情况以及相应的面积。本次评价结果:高度宜耕面积为217.08 hm2,中度宜耕面积为322.95 hm2,不宜耕面积为273.75 hm2。     

高校教学评估的反思与走向

自2003年教育部组织实施普通高等学校本科教学工作水平评估开始，教学评估由高校的一项常态工作变成人们热议的话题。通过回顾高校教学评估的发展历程，立足高等教育教学本身，认真反思高校教学评估工作，挖掘高校教学评估责难产生的根源，并结合高校教学评估最新发展，从宏观、中观和微观三个层面探索高校教学评估的走向。