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161.
Direct generation of functional dopaminergic neurons from mouse and human fibroblasts 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
162.
Although much attention has been devoted to resveratrol, a unique polyphenol produced by plants and credited as potentially being responsible for the 'French paradox'--the observation that French people have a relatively low incidence of coronary heart disease, even though their diet is high in saturated fats--the oligomers of resveratrol have been largely ignored despite their high biological activity. Challenges in achieving their isolation in sufficient quantity from natural sources, coupled with an inability to prepare them easily synthetically, are seen as the main obstacles. Here we report a programmable, controlled and potentially scalable synthesis of the resveratrol family via a three-stage design. The synthetic approach requires strategy- and reagent-guided chemical functionalizations to differentiate two distinct cores possessing multiple sites with the same or similar reactivity, ultimately leading to five higher-order natural products. This work demonstrates that challenging, positionally selective functionalizations of complex materials are possible where biosynthetic studies have indicated otherwise, it provides materials and tools with which to unlock the full biochemical potential of this family of natural products, and it affords an intellectual framework within which other oligomeric families could potentially be accessed. 相似文献
163.
164.
Vacic V McCarthy S Malhotra D Murray F Chou HH Peoples A Makarov V Yoon S Bhandari A Corominas R Iakoucheva LM Krastoshevsky O Krause V Larach-Walters V Welsh DK Craig D Kelsoe JR Gershon ES Leal SM Dell Aquila M Morris DW Gill M Corvin A Insel PA McClellan J King MC Karayiorgou M Levy DL DeLisi LE Sebat J 《Nature》2011,471(7339):499-503
165.
Gian Maria Fimia Mauro Piacentini 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2010,67(10):1581-1588
A growing number of publications show that apoptosis induction is often associated with increased autophagy indicating the
existence of an interplay between these two important cellular events. The simultaneous activation of both phenomena has been
detected not only in experimental settings but also in vivo under physiological and pathological conditions. Despite these
studies, the reciprocal influence of the two pathways in vivo has still not been completely understood. It is clear that autophagy
and apoptosis are strictly interconnected, as highlighted by the finding that the two pathways share key molecular regulators.
Many novel aspects of the crosstalk between
apoptosis and autophagy have recently emerged showing how complex is this
relationship and how critical is for the overall fate of the cell. In this mini-review we will focus on some key experiments
trying to decipher as to whether autophagy contributes to apoptosis modulation in vivo. 相似文献
166.
Today’s and tomorrow’s imaging and circulating biomarkers for pulmonary arterial hypertension 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Barrier M Meloche J Jacob MH Courboulin A Provencher S Bonnet S 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2012,69(17):2805-2831
The pathobiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) involves a remodeling process in distal pulmonary arteries, as well as vasoconstriction and in situ thrombosis, leading to an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance, right heart failure and death. Its etiology may be idiopathic, but PAH is also frequently associated with underlying conditions such as connective tissue diseases. During the past decade, more than welcome novel therapies have been developed and are in development, including those increasingly targeting the remodeling process. These therapeutic options modestly increase the patients' long-term survival, now approaching 60% at 5 years. However, non-invasive tools for confirming PAH diagnosis, and assessing disease severity and response to therapy, are tragically lacking and would help to select the best treatment. After exclusion of other causes of pulmonary hypertension, a final diagnosis still relies on right heart catheterization, an invasive technique which cannot be repeated as often as an optimal follow-up might require. Similarly, other techniques and biomarkers used for assessing disease severity and response to treatment generally lack specificity and have significant limitations. In this review, imaging as well as current and future circulating biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and follow-up are discussed. 相似文献
167.
Hunt KA Smyth DJ Balschun T Ban M Mistry V Ahmad T Anand V Barrett JC Bhaw-Rosun L Bockett NA Brand OJ Brouwer E Concannon P Cooper JD Dias KR van Diemen CC Dubois PC Edkins S Fölster-Holst R Fransen K Glass DN Heap GA Hofmann S Huizinga TW Hunt S Langford C Lee J Mansfield J Marrosu MG Mathew CG Mein CA Müller-Quernheim J Nutland S Onengut-Gumuscu S Ouwehand W Pearce K Prescott NJ Posthumus MD Potter S Rosati G Sambrook J Satsangi J Schreiber S Shtir C Simmonds MJ Sudman M Thompson SD Toes R 《Nature genetics》2012,44(1):3-5
168.
169.
Manning AK Hivert MF Scott RA Grimsby JL Bouatia-Naji N Chen H Rybin D Liu CT Bielak LF Prokopenko I Amin N Barnes D Cadby G Hottenga JJ Ingelsson E Jackson AU Johnson T Kanoni S Ladenvall C Lagou V Lahti J Lecoeur C Liu Y Martinez-Larrad MT Montasser ME Navarro P Perry JR Rasmussen-Torvik LJ Salo P Sattar N Shungin D Strawbridge RJ Tanaka T van Duijn CM An P de Andrade M Andrews JS Aspelund T Atalay M Aulchenko Y Balkau B Bandinelli S Beckmann JS Beilby JP Bellis C Bergman RN Blangero J 《Nature genetics》2012,44(6):659-669
Recent genome-wide association studies have described many loci implicated in type 2 diabetes (T2D) pathophysiology and β-cell dysfunction but have contributed little to the understanding of the genetic basis of insulin resistance. We hypothesized that genes implicated in insulin resistance pathways might be uncovered by accounting for differences in body mass index (BMI) and potential interactions between BMI and genetic variants. We applied a joint meta-analysis approach to test associations with fasting insulin and glucose on a genome-wide scale. We present six previously unknown loci associated with fasting insulin at P < 5 × 10(-8) in combined discovery and follow-up analyses of 52 studies comprising up to 96,496 non-diabetic individuals. Risk variants were associated with higher triglyceride and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, suggesting a role for these loci in insulin resistance pathways. The discovery of these loci will aid further characterization of the role of insulin resistance in T2D pathophysiology. 相似文献
170.
PW Chiang J Wang Y Chen Q Fu J Zhong Y Chen X Yi R Wu H Gan Y Shi Y Chen C Barnett D Wheaton M Day J Sutherland E Heon RG Weleber LA Gabriel P Cong K Chuang S Ye JM Sallum M Qi 《Nature genetics》2012,44(9):972-974
Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is an autosomal recessive retinal dystrophy that manifests with genetic heterogeneity. We sequenced the exome of an individual with LCA and identified nonsense (c.507G>A, p.Trp169*) and missense (c.769G>A, p.Glu257Lys) mutations in NMNAT1, which encodes an enzyme in the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) biosynthesis pathway implicated in protection against axonal degeneration. We also found NMNAT1 mutations in ten other individuals with LCA, all of whom carry the p.Glu257Lys variant. 相似文献