Behavioural ecology: transient sexual mimicry leads to fertilization

Sexual mimicry among animals is widespread, but does it impart a fertilization advantage in the widely accepted 'sneak-guard' model of sperm competition? Here we describe field results in which a dramatic facultative switch in sexual phenotype by sneaker-male cuttlefish leads to immediate fertilization success, even in the presence of the consort male. These results are surprising, given the high rate at which females reject copulation attempts by males, the strong mate-guarding behaviour of consort males, and the high level of sperm competition in this complex mating system.     

Potentiation of the biological activities of daunomycin and adriamycin by ascorbic acid and dimethylsulfoxide

Summary L-Ascorbic acid (0.57 mM) and dimethylsulfoxide (14.1 mM) were found to potentiate four times the antibacterial activities of daunomycin and adriamycin in theStaphylococcus aureus test. This effect, however, could not be demonstrated against eukaryotic cells and leukemia P388 in mice. The authors thank Dr A. Maráz, Department of Microbiology, J.A. University, Szeged, and Dr Zs. Somfai, Institute of Oncology, Budapest, for collaboration in the experiments with yeast and tumor cells.     

新疆主要土壤物理性状空间分布及其气候影响分析

依据新疆33个农业气象观测站（点）2006～2007年实测的0～50em土层土壤水文物理常数资料以及各站多年平均气候资料。综合分析了各常数的空间分布特征、相互间的关系以及各常数与年平均气温、年降水量的统计关系。结果表明,在新疆区域内,1）土壤容重具有南疆〉北疆〉天山山区的分布特征,田间持水量和凋萎湿度具有南疆〈北疆〈天山山区分布格局;2）各土壤水文物理常数两两之间均具有极显著的对数型回归关系,其中,土壤容重与田间持水量、土壤容重与凋萎湿度间呈负相关关系,而田间持水量与凋萎湿度间呈正相关关系;3）各常数与年平均气温和年降水量之间也具有显著的统计关系,其中,土壤容重与气温呈正相关关系,田间持水量、凋萎湿度与气温呈负相关关系;土壤容重与年降水量呈负相关关系,但田间持水量、凋萎湿度与年降水量呈正相关关系。     

一元回归在射表符合系数曲线制作中的应用

针对现有射表符合系数曲线绘制过程中存在的不足，运用一元回归方法对其进行改进，并验证了把该方法用于制作射表符合系数曲线时，可以提高试验数据处理效率以及试验数据的准确度．     

Bayes逐步判别法在邢台煤矿突水水源判别中的应用

快速有效地判别突水水源是矿井安全生产的重要保障。文章以邢台煤矿为研究对象,选取各含水层多项水质指标,应用Bayes逐步判别法建立矿井突水水源快速判别模型。结果表明:Bayes逐步判别模型以其计算过程简单、模型结构稳定而优于其它模型,既提高判别准确率又提高判别速度,实现对突水水源快速有效判别,为防治水工作提供有力依据。     

地基土对桥梁索塔抗震设计影响的研究与实践(之二)

以火箭式激振器为震源对高大结构物(即云南景洪澜沧江大桥主塔)进行了现场动力测试和分析,利用实测结构体系的动力特性,取得了场地土边界元参数,在考虑了土与结构相互作用的基础上,为选取全桥的抗震设计参数提供合理依据.     

企业参考资源模型的建立

提出参考资源模型结构,并给出其构造方法,研究其在建模导出过程中的支持作用.企业参考资源模型是一个资源的参考目录,在建立特定企业资源模型时,可以直接从参考资源模型中选取所需资源.参考资源模型的建立支持资源重组,缩短建模时间,从而加速建模的进程.     

The genome sequence of Atlantic cod reveals a unique immune system

Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) is a large, cold-adapted teleost that sustains long-standing commercial fisheries and incipient aquaculture. Here we present the genome sequence of Atlantic cod, showing evidence for complex thermal adaptations in its haemoglobin gene cluster and an unusual immune architecture compared to other sequenced vertebrates. The genome assembly was obtained exclusively by 454 sequencing of shotgun and paired-end libraries, and automated annotation identified 22,154 genes. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC)?II is a conserved feature of the adaptive immune system of jawed vertebrates, but we show that Atlantic cod has lost the genes for MHC?II, CD4 and invariant chain (Ii) that are essential for the function of this pathway. Nevertheless, Atlantic cod is not exceptionally susceptible to disease under natural conditions. We find a highly expanded number of MHC?I genes and a unique composition of its Toll-like receptor (TLR) families. This indicates how the Atlantic cod immune system has evolved compensatory mechanisms in both adaptive and innate immunity in the absence of MHC?II. These observations affect fundamental assumptions about the evolution of the adaptive immune system and its components in vertebrates.     

mTORC1 in the Paneth cell niche couples intestinal stem-cell function to calorie intake

How adult tissue stem and niche cells respond to the nutritional state of an organism is not well understood. Here we find that Paneth cells, a key constituent of the mammalian intestinal stem-cell (ISC) niche, augment stem-cell function in response to calorie restriction. Calorie restriction acts by reducing mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling in Paneth cells, and the ISC-enhancing effects of calorie restriction can be mimicked by rapamycin. Calorie intake regulates mTORC1 in Paneth cells, but not ISCs, and forced activation of mTORC1 in Paneth cells during calorie restriction abolishes the ISC-augmenting effects of the niche. Finally, increased expression of bone stromal antigen 1 (Bst1) in Paneth cells—an ectoenzyme that produces the paracrine factor cyclic ADP ribose—mediates the effects of calorie restriction and rapamycin on ISC function. Our findings establish that mTORC1 non-cell-autonomously regulates stem-cell self-renewal, and highlight a significant role of the mammalian intestinal niche in coupling stem-cell function to organismal physiology.     

中国农作物秸秆资源量及其“五料化”利用现状

 农作物秸秆是十分宝贵的生物资源,资源丰富,秸秆"用则利,弃则害"。秸秆的高效综合利用能有效解决秸秆利用率低、转化率低、经济效益低、环境污染严重这"三低一重"的问题,对中国现代农业的可持续发展起重要的作用。本文分析了中国农作物秸秆资源数量及分布,介绍了秸秆资源综合利用技术的最新进展,包括肥料化、燃料化、饲料化、原料化和基料化（"五料化"）这些重点领域的应用。集约、循环、高效、充分利用秸秆资源是保护生态环境、节约可再生资源的需要,也是促进中国农业和农村社会经济实现可持续发展的必然要求。