全文获取类型
收费全文 | 102篇 |
免费 | 0篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
系统科学 | 4篇 |
教育与普及 | 3篇 |
理论与方法论 | 1篇 |
现状及发展 | 19篇 |
研究方法 | 11篇 |
综合类 | 64篇 |
自然研究 | 2篇 |
出版年
2020年 | 1篇 |
2016年 | 1篇 |
2015年 | 1篇 |
2014年 | 1篇 |
2013年 | 2篇 |
2012年 | 7篇 |
2011年 | 13篇 |
2010年 | 3篇 |
2009年 | 2篇 |
2008年 | 7篇 |
2007年 | 6篇 |
2006年 | 5篇 |
2005年 | 5篇 |
2004年 | 7篇 |
2003年 | 7篇 |
2002年 | 8篇 |
2001年 | 1篇 |
2000年 | 4篇 |
1999年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
1968年 | 2篇 |
1965年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有104条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
41.
Dr. Marcus Schweitzer University of Saarbr 《系统科学与系统工程学报(英文版)》2002,11(2):224-233
Break-even analyses are often used as controlling instruments. Typically, they are applied to support decision processes or to gain information for the control of profits and sales. Firstly, the study gives an overview of the basic accounting systems. Secondly, the study shows possible ways of performing breakeven analyses for a single-stage, make-to-order production in the case of random production and demand structures. To model these structures, queueing systems are employed. As a general result, we see that break-even analyses must always be performed taking into account an existing planning system. Under practical aspects, GI/G/1 systems turn out to map complex real situations realistically. From the examples given it can be concluded that one achieves different results compared with using a deterministic model even in the case of a simple, random effects approach. In particular it is shown that stochastic modelling in general is helpful in avoiding incorrect decisions. 相似文献
42.
Template-active regions of chromatin are structurally distinct from nontranscribing segments of the genome. Recently, it was suggested that the conformation of active genes which renders them sensitive to DNase I may be maintained even in fixed mitotic chromosomes. We have developed a technique of mitotic cell fixation and DNase I-directed nick-translation which distinguishes between active and inactive X chromosomes. We report here that Gerbillus gerbillus (rodent) female cells contain easily identified composite X chromosomes each of which includes the original X chromosome flanked by two characteristic autosomal segments. After nick-translation the active X chromosome in each cell is labelled specifically in both the autosomal and X-chromosomal regions. The inactive X chromosome is labelled only in the autosomal regions and in a small early replicating band within the late replicating 'original X' chromosome. Our technique opens the possibility of following the kinetics of X-chromosome inactivation and reactivation during embryogenesis, studying active genes in the inactive X chromosome and mapping tissue-specific gene clusters. 相似文献
43.
Drosophila odorant receptors are both ligand-gated and cyclic-nucleotide-activated cation channels 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Wicher D Schäfer R Bauernfeind R Stensmyr MC Heller R Heinemann SH Hansson BS 《Nature》2008,452(7190):1007-1011
From worm to man, many odorant signals are perceived by the binding of volatile ligands to odorant receptors that belong to the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. They couple to heterotrimeric G-proteins, most of which induce cAMP production. This second messenger then activates cyclic-nucleotide-gated ion channels to depolarize the olfactory receptor neuron, thus providing a signal for further neuronal processing. Recent findings, however, have challenged this concept of odorant signal transduction in insects, because their odorant receptors, which lack any sequence similarity to other GPCRs, are composed of conventional odorant receptors (for example, Or22a), dimerized with a ubiquitously expressed chaperone protein, such as Or83b in Drosophila. Or83b has a structure akin to GPCRs, but has an inverted orientation in the plasma membrane. However, G proteins are expressed in insect olfactory receptor neurons, and olfactory perception is modified by mutations affecting the cAMP transduction pathway. Here we show that application of odorants to mammalian cells co-expressing Or22a and Or83b results in non-selective cation currents activated by means of an ionotropic and a metabotropic pathway, and a subsequent increase in the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration. Expression of Or83b alone leads to functional ion channels not directly responding to odorants, but being directly activated by intracellular cAMP or cGMP. Insect odorant receptors thus form ligand-gated channels as well as complexes of odorant-sensing units and cyclic-nucleotide-activated non-selective cation channels. Thereby, they provide rapid and transient as well as sensitive and prolonged odorant signalling. 相似文献
44.
The genetic mechanisms regulating tetrapod limb development are well characterized, but how they were assembled during evolution and their function in basal vertebrates is poorly understood. Initial studies report that chondrichthyans, the most primitive extant vertebrates with paired appendages, differ from ray-finned fish and tetrapods in having Sonic hedgehog (Shh)-independent patterning of the appendage skeleton. Here we demonstrate that chondrichthyans share patterns of appendage Shh expression, Shh appendage-specific regulatory DNA, and Shh function with ray-finned fish and tetrapods. These studies demonstrate that some aspects of Shh function are deeply conserved in vertebrate phylogeny, but also highlight how the evolution of Shh regulation may underlie major morphological changes during appendage evolution. 相似文献
45.
Comparative analyses of Hox gene expression and regulation in teleost fish and tetrapods support the long-entrenched notion that the distal region of tetrapod limbs, containing the wrist, ankle and digits, is an evolutionary novelty. Data from fossils support the notion that the unique features of tetrapod limbs were assembled over evolutionary time in the paired fins of fish. The challenge in linking developmental and palaeontological approaches has been that developmental data for fins and limbs compare only highly derived teleosts and tetrapods; what is lacking are data from extant taxa that retain greater portions of the fin skeletal morphology considered primitive to all bony fish. Here, we report on the expression and function of genes implicated in the origin of the autopod in a basal actinopterygian, Polyodon spathula. Polyodon exhibits a late-phase, inverted collinear expression of 5' HoxD genes, a pattern of expression long considered a developmental hallmark of the autopod and shown in tetrapods to be controlled by a 'digit enhancer' region. These data show that aspects of the development of the autopod are primitive to tetrapods and that the origin of digits entailed the redeployment of ancient patterns of gene activity. 相似文献
46.
针对节点增加的动态网络,提出一种对应的动态网络社群结构探测算法CD(Community Structure Detection Algorithm for Dynamic Networks).CDD算法依据节点加入引起模块性指标变化的情况,对网络节点进行社群划分, 从而可以发现网络社群结构随时间的动态变化过程.利用计算机生成数据、Ucinet和Pajek提供的有关网络数据,通过社群结构探测试验表明, CDD算法不但可以对动态网络的社群结构变化进行探测,同样也可以实现静态网络的社群结构探测; 与N-G算法和A-N算法等社群结构探测算法相比, 算法的速度快, 所获得的模块性指标也基本相当. 相似文献
47.
This article uses data from the British Household Panel Study over the period 1991 - 2007 to examine the factors associated with residential mobility among people aged 50 and over. In line with earlier research, the likelihood of migrating, that is, changing address, is found to vary according to the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the older person. Those in late middle age (50-59) and the oldest-old (90 and over) were most likely to move. Migration was also strongly associated with changes in partnership, health and economic status during the last 12 months, highlighting the importance of seeing migration within a life course context with certain life course events such as divorce, widowhood or retirement being important triggers for prompting a move. As divorce and remarriage become more common in later life, 'relationship driven migration' is likely to become more important, adding a new category to the classical typology of later life migration. 相似文献
48.
Sánchez-Lavega A Orton GS Hueso R García-Melendo E Pérez-Hoyos S Simon-Miller A Rojas JF Gómez JM Yanamandra-Fisher P Fletcher L Joels J Kemerer J Hora J Karkoschka E de Pater I Wong MH Marcus PS Pinilla-Alonso N Carvalho F Go C Parker D Salway M Valimberti M Wesley A Pujic Z 《Nature》2008,451(7177):437-440
The atmospheres of the gas giant planets (Jupiter and Saturn) contain jets that dominate the circulation at visible levels. The power source for these jets (solar radiation, internal heat, or both) and their vertical structure below the upper cloud are major open questions in the atmospheric circulation and meteorology of giant planets. Several observations and in situ measurements found intense winds at a depth of 24 bar, and have been interpreted as supporting an internal heat source. This issue remains controversial, in part because of effects from the local meteorology. Here we report observations and modelling of two plumes in Jupiter's atmosphere that erupted at the same latitude as the strongest jet (23 degrees N). The plumes reached a height of 30 km above the surrounding clouds, moved faster than any other feature (169 m s(-1)), and left in their wake a turbulent planetary-scale disturbance containing red aerosols. On the basis of dynamical modelling, we conclude that the data are consistent only with a wind that extends well below the level where solar radiation is deposited. 相似文献
49.
Regional insolation forcing of late Quaternary climate change in the Southern Hemisphere 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Vandergoes MJ Newnham RM Preusser F Hendy CH Lowell TV Fitzsimons SJ Hogg AG Kasper HU Schlüchter C 《Nature》2005,436(7048):242-245
In agreement with the Milankovitch orbital forcing hypothesis it is often assumed that glacial-interglacial climate transitions occurred synchronously in the Northern and Southern hemispheres of the Earth. It is difficult to test this assumption, because of the paucity of long, continuous climate records from the Southern Hemisphere that have not been dated by tuning them to the presumed Northern Hemisphere signals. Here we present an independently dated terrestrial pollen record from a peat bog on South Island, New Zealand, to investigate global and local factors in Southern Hemisphere climate changes during the last two glacial-interglacial cycles. Our record largely corroborates the Milankovitch model of orbital forcing but also exhibits some differences: in particular, an earlier onset and longer duration of the Last Glacial Maximum. Our results suggest that Southern Hemisphere insolation may have been responsible for these differences in timing. Our findings question the validity of applying orbital tuning to Southern Hemisphere records and suggest an alternative mechanism to the bipolar seesaw for generating interhemispheric asynchrony in climate change. 相似文献
50.
Marcus Bevilaqua Claudio Ruy Vasconcelos da Fonseca 《Journal of Natural History》2020,54(5-6):321-350
ABSTRACT As part of the effort to study Passalus Fabricius, 1792, we are redescribing and re-illustrating the species of the genus described by Walter Douglas Hincks deposited the Museum of the University of Manchester. Applying characters not yet described for these species as well as morphometric measures we hope to support future taxonomic and phylogenetic studies. 相似文献