Application of Method-of-Lines to Charging-Up Process in Pipelines with Entrapped Air

Introduction The initial charging-up process is an important opera-tion in an intermittent,undulating pipeline system.Re-cently,the charging-up process has received attention with the aim of predicting the effective duration of supply in different regions…     

Heat Transfer Enhancement Due to Marangoni Flow Around Moving Bubbles During Nucleate Boiling

Introduction Nucleate boiling has always been an important heat transfer mechanism in many fields, such as energy utilization, manufacturing processes, and chemical processing and nucleate boiling continues to find new applications in many new areas, such…     

Nogo-66 receptor antagonist peptide promotes axonal regeneration

Myelin-derived axon outgrowth inhibitors, such as Nogo, may account for the lack of axonal regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS) after trauma in adult mammals. A 66-residue domain of Nogo (Nogo-66) is expressed on the surface of oligodendrocytes and can inhibit axonal outgrowth through an axonal Nogo-66 receptor (NgR). The IN-1 monoclonal antibody recognizes Nogo-A and promotes corticospinal tract regeneration and locomotor recovery; however, the undefined nature of the IN-1 epitope in Nogo, the limited specificity of IN-1 for Nogo, and nonspecific anti-myelin effects have prevented a firm conclusion about the role of Nogo-66 or NgR. Here, we identify competitive antagonists of NgR derived from amino-terminal peptide fragments of Nogo-66. The Nogo-66(1 40) antagonist peptide (NEP1 40) blocks Nogo-66 or CNS myelin inhibition of axonal outgrowth in vitro, demonstrating that NgR mediates a significant portion of axonal outgrowth inhibition by myelin. Intrathecal administration of NEP1 40 to rats with mid-thoracic spinal cord hemisection results in significant axon growth of the corticospinal tract, and improves functional recovery. Thus, Nogo-66 and NgR have central roles in limiting axonal regeneration after CNS injury, and NEP1-40 provides a potential therapeutic agent.     

钼酸盐-柠檬酸盐络合物及有机酸对棕色固氮菌生长的影响

将经过0.9%NaCl溶液处理8h的棕色固氮菌(AzotobactervinelandiiOP)作为菌种分别接入Burk′s培养基和用不同有机酸替代柠檬酸三钠或用不同等摩尔的钼络合物替代钼酸钠的各种改良的Burk′s培养基中,分别测定菌体生长曲线和固氮活性.结果发现,与Burk′s培养基相比,以高柠檬酸、苹果酸、马来酸替代柠檬酸三钠或以K6[Mo2O5(cit)2]·5H2O、K4[Mo2O5(Hcit)2]·4H2O和Na2[MoO2(Hcit)]·3H2O替代柠檬酸三钠和钼酸钠的培养基能促进菌体的生长;以乙醇酸替代柠檬酸三钠的培养基则会抑制固氮菌的生长;各种培养条件下菌体细胞的C2H2还原活性表现了类似的规律.讨论了固氮酶活性中心FeMoco在装配过程中钼的可能运输方式和装配机理.     

歧口凹陷沙一下亚段白云岩储集空间特征研究

 歧口凹陷沙一下亚段白云岩分布广泛,白云岩可以发育物性良好的储层。根据钻井岩心、地球化学特征、扫描电镜、电子探针及物性资料,确定了该套地层白云岩储层的主要岩石类型及储集空间类型：岩石类型可分为微晶白云岩、泥晶白云岩、砂质云岩、灰质云岩和云质灰岩;储集空间有晶间孔、粒间孔、溶蚀孔、构造缝、溶蚀缝等,主要以次生孔隙和裂缝为主。微晶白云岩储集物性较好,主要为晶间孔、粒间孔及裂缝,为较好的储层。分析了目的层白云岩储层的主要成岩作用及期次,主要有胶结作用、压实、压溶作用、白云岩化作用、溶蚀作用等。明确了改善及破坏白云岩储集性能的成岩作用类型,其中对储集性产生积极影响的有溶蚀作用、白云岩化作用,消极影响的有压实、压溶作用、胶结作用。建立了歧口凹陷沙一下亚段白云岩化作用影响储层物性模式,稀土元素Eu异常特征揭示了本区白云岩化作用的两种成因环境：准同生期的回流渗透白云岩化作用和成岩期的埋藏白云岩化作用,通常准同生期的回流渗透白云岩经过深部热液流体的改造,发生埋藏白云岩化作用,多见于裂缝发育区,后者较前者对白云岩储层的改善作用更为明显。     

Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms

Today's surface ocean is saturated with respect to calcium carbonate, but increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations are reducing ocean pH and carbonate ion concentrations, and thus the level of calcium carbonate saturation. Experimental evidence suggests that if these trends continue, key marine organisms--such as corals and some plankton--will have difficulty maintaining their external calcium carbonate skeletons. Here we use 13 models of the ocean-carbon cycle to assess calcium carbonate saturation under the IS92a 'business-as-usual' scenario for future emissions of anthropogenic carbon dioxide. In our projections, Southern Ocean surface waters will begin to become undersaturated with respect to aragonite, a metastable form of calcium carbonate, by the year 2050. By 2100, this undersaturation could extend throughout the entire Southern Ocean and into the subarctic Pacific Ocean. When live pteropods were exposed to our predicted level of undersaturation during a two-day shipboard experiment, their aragonite shells showed notable dissolution. Our findings indicate that conditions detrimental to high-latitude ecosystems could develop within decades, not centuries as suggested previously.     

探空火箭图像系统设计方案

作为一种理想的实验平台,探空火箭在微重力科学领域得到了广泛应用.利用探空火箭进行微重力实验,首要问题是如何将实验过程以图像形式记录下来,并实时传回地面台站.因此,箭上图像的实时采集、编码与传输对实验具有重要作用.根据探空火箭微重力实验图像的特点,提出了一种适合于探空火箭图像系统的设计方案.按照该方案,图像系统可根据微重力实验的科学需求.实时调节实验图像的分辨率、帧速率和压缩比.该系统中,箭上的小波压缩单是核心模块,它通过基于硬件级的小波自适应压缩算法实现图像的箭上实时压缩,解码和实时显示则由与之对应的地面小波解码单元完成.     

Observation of internal tides and near-inertial motions in the upper 450 m layer of the northern South China Sea

Mooring ADCP current observations from August to November are used to study the barotropic tides, baroclinic tides and near-inertial motions in the upper 450 m layer of the northern South China Sea. The barotropic and baroclinic tides at the mooring station are all dominated by M2, K1, O1, P1, with the barotropic amplitudes being 7.8 cm·s^-1, 7.0 cm·s^-1, 5.4 cm·s^-1 and 3.5 cm·s^-1 respectively. The amplitudes of M2, K1, O1, P1 internal tides vary greatly, which are 12--15 cm·s^-1 in the thermocline, and then decrease with increasing depth. The amplitude of the barootropic near-inertial motions is less than 1 cm·s^-1, contributing little to the barotropic currents. However, that of the baroclinic nearinertial motions can be as large as 5 cm·s^-1. The inclination of tidal ellipse tends to increase with increasing depth, implying upward propagation of energy, while that of the near-inertial ellipse tends to decrease with increasing depth, implying downward propagation of energy.     

国家自行车队高原训练强度的监控与研究

本文对部分国家自行车队的运动员分别在平原、２３００米的高原、实验室和公路现场训练的负荷强度进行了研究，发现运动时的最大摄氧量、通气阀功率低氧较常氧下降约２０％，同时还测得高原上的空气阴力减少约２０％，表明：经短期适应的平原运动员在２３００米高原上进行极量亚业极量运动所特殊承受的缺氧负荷强度约为２０％，由此产生的高、平原训练强度换算规律及训练负荷强度安排核式。以期为解决各种缺氧条件下的负荷强度问题提供有关的参考。