Monoaminergic innervation of the kidney. Aorticorenal Ganglion — A sympathetic,monoaminergic ganglion supplying the renal vessels

Zusammenfassung Bei Hunden wurde das aorticorenale Ganglion der linken Seite herausgenommen und die Niereninnervation mit der Silberimprägnations- und der histochemischen Fluoreszenzmethode auf Monoamine nachFalck untersucht. Auf Grund der Degenerationserscheinungen kann geschlossen werden, dass das Ganglion die Nierenarterien, das motorische Nervengeflecht an der Oberfläche der Media, die vasa recta und Nierenbeckenwand mit adrenergischen sympathischen Nervenfasern versorgt.     

Mutations in Rab3a alter circadian period and homeostatic response to sleep loss in the mouse

Rab3a is the most abundant Rab (ras-associated binding) protein in the brain and has a regulatory role in synaptic vesicle trafficking. Mice with a targeted loss-of-function mutation in Rab3a have defects in Ca(2+)-dependent synaptic transmission: the number of vesicles released in response to an action potential is greater than in wildtype mice, resulting in greater synaptic depression and the abolishment of CA3 mossy-fiber long term potentiation. The effect of these changes on behavior is unknown. In a screen for mouse mutants with abnormal rest-activity and sleep patterns, we identified a semidominant mutation, called earlybird, that shortens the circadian period of locomotor activity. Sequence analysis of Rab3a identified a point mutation in the conserved amino acid (Asp77Gly) within the GTP-binding domain of this protein in earlybird mutants, resulting in significantly reduced levels of Rab3a protein. Phenotypic assessment of earlybird mice and a null allele of Rab3a revealed anomalies in circadian period and sleep homeostasis, providing evidence that Rab3a-mediated synaptic transmission is involved in these behaviors.     

A gravitationally lensed quasar with quadruple images separated by 14.62 arcseconds

Gravitational lensing is a powerful tool for the study of the distribution of dark matter in the Universe. The cold-dark-matter model of the formation of large-scale structures (that is, clusters of galaxies and even larger assemblies) predicts the existence of quasars gravitationally lensed by concentrations of dark matter so massive that the quasar images would be split by over 7 arcsec. Numerous searches for large-separation lensed quasars have, however, been unsuccessful. All of the roughly 70 lensed quasars known, including the first lensed quasar discovered, have smaller separations that can be explained in terms of galaxy-scale concentrations of baryonic matter. Although gravitationally lensed galaxies with large separations are known, quasars are more useful cosmological probes because of the simplicity of the resulting lens systems. Here we report the discovery of a lensed quasar, SDSS J1004 + 4112, which has a maximum separation between the components of 14.62 arcsec. Such a large separation means that the lensing object must be dominated by dark matter. Our results are fully consistent with theoretical expectations based on the cold-dark-matter model.     

Experimental demonstration of a robust,high-fidelity geometric two ion-qubit phase gate

Universal logic gates for two quantum bits (qubits) form an essential ingredient of quantum computation. Dynamical gates have been proposed in the context of trapped ions; however, geometric phase gates (which change only the phase of the physical qubits) offer potential practical advantages because they have higher intrinsic resistance to certain small errors and might enable faster gate implementation. Here we demonstrate a universal geometric pi-phase gate between two beryllium ion-qubits, based on coherent displacements induced by an optical dipole force. The displacements depend on the internal atomic states; the motional state of the ions is unimportant provided that they remain in the regime in which the force can be considered constant over the extent of each ion's wave packet. By combining the gate with single-qubit rotations, we have prepared ions in an entangled Bell state with 97% fidelity-about six times better than in a previous experiment demonstrating a universal gate between two ion-qubits. The particular properties of the gate make it attractive for a multiplexed trap architecture that would enable scaling to large numbers of ion-qubits.     

Genetic background of phenotypic variation

A noteworthy feature of the living world is its bewildering variability. A key issue in several biological disciplines is the achievement of an understanding of the hereditary basis of this variability. Two opposing, but not necessarily irreconcilable conceptions attempt to explain the underlying mechanism. The gene function paradigm postulates that phenotypic variance is generated by the polymorphism in the coding sequences of genes. However, comparisons of a great number of homologous gene and protein sequences have revealed that they predominantly remained functionally conserved even across distantly related phylogenic taxa. Alternatively, the gene regulation paradigm assumes that differences in the cis-regulatory region of genes do account for phenotype variation within species. An extension of this latter concept is that phenotypic variability is generated by the polymorphism in the overall gene expression profiles of gene networks. In other words, the activity of a particular gene is a system property determined both by the cis-regulatory sequences of the given genes and by the other genes of a gene network, whose expressions vary among individuals, too. Novel proponents of gene function paradigm claim that functional genetic variance within the coding sequences of regulatory genes is critical for the generation of morphological polymorphism. Note, however, that these developmental genes play direct regulatory roles in the control of gene expression.     

基板负偏压对铜基体磁控溅射离子镀铝膜相组成的影响

本文主要论述基板员偏压与铜基体磁控溅射离子镀铝膜的关系。磁控溅射离子镀 铝膜不是简单的单质外接铝膜，而是铜和铝组成的合金膜。膜的相组成主要是由基板 负偏压所决定的。在一定的实验条件下，每一种铜－铝合金相的出现都有一临界负偏压 与之对应．     

基于模糊模拟的遗传算法在最短路径问题中的应用

模糊最短路径问题将网络中弧的权值描述成模糊的，突破了传统最短路径问题的局限性，更符合实际网络的要求。采用模糊期望值模型求解最短路径问题，由于模糊变量隶属函数的形式多种多样，对于有些模糊变量，很难求出其具体的期望值，所以本文设计了基于模糊模拟的遗传算法进行求解，获得了良好的效果。     

Banach空间中的广义p正常算子

本文是在文献[4]基础上利用广义半内积空间的理论引入Banach空间上的广义p正常算子T=A+iB,AB-BA=0,其中A,B是广义p自共轭算子;同时还引入广义p正常算子的对偶算子T~*=A-iB及广义p酉算子,并就这些算子的有关谱进行了讨论。     

应急物流

在国内外首次提出了"应急物流"概念;阐述了应急物流产生的背景、内涵、研究内容,及开展应急物流研究的理论价值和现实意义;系统论述了应急物流中的政府协调机制、全民动员机制、法律机制和绿色通道机制;提出了通过应急处理机构的建立、技术平台的构建和应急手段的启用来实现应急物流的途径.