Serum levels of perfluorinated compounds in the general population in Shenzhen, China

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have been detected in many environmental matrices, biota, and nonoccupationally exposed populations in China recently. However, little is known about the distribution and levels of various PFCs in the general population living in areas where there is PFC exposure. In the present study, the levels and prevalence of ten target PFCs were determined in 227 serum samples from a population of nonoccupationally exposed individuals in Shenzhen, China. Results indicated that human exposure to PFCs was prevalent in Shenzhen. Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) was the dominant PFC contaminant in the serum samples, with a median concentration of 6.72 ng/mL, followed by perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) with a median concentration of 2.07 ng/mL. Other PFCs were detected at much lower concentrations, with median concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 0.87 ng/mL. Statistically, no significant (P>0.05) gender differences were observed for any of the PFCs. Significant (P<0.01) positive correlations were found between age and serum concentrations of the target PFCs, except for perfluorobutane sulfonate (R = 0.16, P = 0.01), perfluorohexanoic acid (R = 0.08, P = 0.22), and perfluoroheptanoic acid (R = 0.11, P = 0.10). Based on the one-compartment pharmacokinetic model, the total daily intakes of PFOA and PFOS for the general population in Shenzhen were calculated as 0.63 and 0.20 ng/kg body weight/day, respectively.     

Rapid growth and sterility of growth hormone gene transgenic triploid carp

Triploid carp (100%) with 150 (3n=150) chromosomes were obtained by crossing the females of improved tetraploid hybrids (♀, 4n=200) of red crucian carp (♀)×common carp (♂) with the males of diploid yellow river carp (♂, 2n=100). The crosses yielded transgenic triploid carp (positive triploid fish, 44.2% of the progeny) and non-transgenic triploid carp (negative triploid fish). Histological examination of the gonads of 24-month-old positive triploid fish suggested they were sterile and the fish were not able to produce mature gametes during the breeding season. Morphologically, both the positive and negative triploid fish were similar. They had a spindle-shaped, laterally compressed, steel grey body with two pairs of barbells. Most of the quantifiable traits of the triploid carp were intermediate between those of the two parents. The positive and negative triploid fish were raised in the same pond for 2 years. The mean body weight of the positive triploid fish was 2.3 times higher than the negative triploid fish. The weight of the largest positive triploid fish was 2.91 times higher than that of the largest negative triploid fish. Thus, we produced fast-growing transgenic triploid carp that have a reduced ecological risk because of their inability to mate and produce progeny.     

应用Hermit插值方法修正Dome-A自动气象站记录的雪层温度

随着冰盖表面雪的积累或消融,自动气象站(AWS)上所携带的传感器相对于地表的高度/深度不断变化,给观测数据带来误差.本文利用分段三次Hermit插值的方法对Dome A地区的AWS历史雪层温度数据进行修正.结果表明,雪层的修正量随着雪的积累率的增加而增大,在夏半年为正,在冬半年为负.该方法对于浅层雪温的修正有较好的效果.     

利用非对称双面金属光栅电极提高OLED光导出率的模拟研究

提出利用非对称双面金属光栅电极提高有机电致发光器件(OLED)的光导出效率,采用时域有限差分(FDTD)电磁场模拟仿真软件详细研究了OLED中表面等离子体激元的激发和耦合传输的物理规律和物理机制,计算和分析了非对称双面光栅电极的周期、槽宽、入射光的入射角等与OLED光导出率之间的关系,通过设计优化非对称金属光栅电极结构...     

山区成品油管道边坡防护设计浅谈

山区地形多变,地质条件复杂,自然山体边坡的稳定程度与其自身的工程地质条件及人为改造激烈程度息息相关.在山区成品油管道边坡防护设计时应综合考虑水、地形和地质的影响,确定合理的坡率、坡高和防护方案.结合管道水保维修实际和正在施工的管道设计图纸,对山区成品油管道边坡防护设计进行了初步探讨.     

上海市鸟类记录及变化

上海有着丰富的鸟类多样性.结合野外调查、资料收集以及标本查阅,对上海鸟类名录进行了整理.从二十世纪初至今,上海市有记录的鸟类共计20目70科438种,其中2000年至今在上海市记录到的鸟类有373种.与二十世纪九十年代初整理的上海鸟类名录相比,本名录增加鸟类新记录52种,但65种在历史上有记录的鸟类在近年没有记录.气候变化以及人类活动所带来的环境改变可能是上海地区鸟类种类发生变化的重要原因.另外,观鸟活动的开展大大提高了发现鸟类新记录的机会.观鸟者的观鸟记录为了解鸟类多样性的现状及其变化提供了重要参考资料.     

钱塘江流域极端气温和最大降水事件的时空变化

基于1951-2008年钱塘江流域内外15个气象站月极端高温、月极端低温和月最大降水量资料,采用Mann-Kendall趋势分析方法和协克里金插值方法分析了不同区域、不同季节的极端气温和最大降水量的空间分布及变化趋势特征.结果表明:钱塘江流域最大降水量总体呈缓慢减少的状态,而极端气温都有上升的趋势;季节分布上,夏季最大...     

电磁场对固定化活性污泥磁性微球处理污水的影响

设计了带电磁场的污水处理装置,通过测定污水CODcr的去除率考察装置的运行效果,并获得初步的污水处理工艺参数.固定化活性污泥磁性微球在磁场中进行污水处理实验结果表明:当磁场强度为8.50 m T时,处理污水的CODcr去除率可达87.57%;当磁场强度为80.7mT时,处理污水的CODcr去除率可达98.42%.     

退化喀斯特地区植被恢复过程中苔藓的先锋作用

在贵州花江喀斯特高原生态综合治理试验示范区内采集苔藓植物样品,鉴别了主要苔藓种类,测定苔藓植物的持水性能,分析了苔藓、岩石接触面形成土壤的化学性质。结果表明：试验区内苔藓植物共有11科26属65种,以藓类植物为主;自然状态下苔藓植物含水率为36 %～898 %;新鲜苔藓持水率为2123 %～5159 %;苔藓、岩石接触面的土壤属于土壤养分分级的一级标准,各项养分指标亦明显高于对照样地。苔藓植物对喀斯特石漠生境有极强的适应性,是石漠化及其他退化生态系统进行人工生态恢复中理想的物种选择。     

如何看待人工智能的发展

人工智能本质上是对人类智能的功能模拟。虽然在某些方面的表现比人类智能更优秀,但是由于其固有的复杂性和技术的局限性,所以充其量只不过是人类智能的延伸,最终在整体上是不能代替人类智能的。