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981.
982.
为了回收PDP(等离子显示屏)废电子浆料中的银,实验采用X荧光光谱仪、元素分析仪以及佛尔哈德法(Volhard法)分析其中元素组成及其含量,得到PDP废电子浆料中的银含量为86.20%。采用熔融法回收银,并通过正交实验,确定样品中银回收的最佳实验条件为:还原温度400℃,保温时间3 h,熔融温度1 000℃。银回收率为99.69%,纯度为99.74%。通过XRD分析验证说明回收银产品中含银元素。这种银回收方法工艺简单,环境污染小,易于工业化生产。 相似文献
983.
984.
U. Ruth Michaelis 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2014,71(21):4131-4148
Cell migration plays a central role in a variety of physiological and pathological processes during our whole life. Cellular movement is a complex, tightly regulated multistep process. Although the principle mechanisms of migration follow a defined general motility cycle, the cell type and the context of moving influences the detailed mode of migration. Endothelial cells migrate during vasculogenesis and angiogenesis but also in a damaged vessel to restore vessel integrity. Depending on the situation they migrate individually, in chains or sheets and complex signaling, intercellular signals as well as environmental cues modulate the process. Here, the different modes of cell migration, the peculiarities of endothelial cell migration and specific guidance molecules controlling this process will be reviewed. 相似文献
985.
Blesia Jhon U. Iek Mesak Ratang Westim Hutajulu Halomoan 《Systemic Practice and Action Research》2021,34(1):53-70
Systemic Practice and Action Research - The University of Cenderawasih (Uncen) has developed a locally relevant entrepreneurship education model within its curriculum to increase students’... 相似文献
986.
Piotr Błaszczyk Vladimir Kanovei Karin U. Katz Mikhail G. Katz Taras Kudryk Thomas Mormann David Sherry 《Foundations of Science》2017,22(4):717-731
To explore the extent of embeddability of Leibnizian infinitesimal calculus in first-order logic (FOL) and modern frameworks, we propose to set aside ontological issues and focus on procedural questions. This would enable an account of Leibnizian procedures in a framework limited to FOL with a small number of additional ingredients such as the relation of infinite proximity. If, as we argue here, first order logic is indeed suitable for developing modern proxies for the inferential moves found in Leibnizian infinitesimal calculus, then modern infinitesimal frameworks are more appropriate to interpreting Leibnizian infinitesimal calculus than modern Weierstrassian ones. 相似文献
987.
Hundreds of variants clustered in genomic loci and biological pathways affect human height 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Lango Allen H Estrada K Lettre G Berndt SI Weedon MN Rivadeneira F Willer CJ Jackson AU Vedantam S Raychaudhuri S Ferreira T Wood AR Weyant RJ Segrè AV Speliotes EK Wheeler E Soranzo N Park JH Yang J Gudbjartsson D Heard-Costa NL Randall JC Qi L Vernon Smith A Mägi R Pastinen T Liang L Heid IM Luan J Thorleifsson G Winkler TW Goddard ME Sin Lo K Palmer C Workalemahu T Aulchenko YS Johansson A Zillikens MC Feitosa MF Esko T Johnson T Ketkar S Kraft P Mangino M Prokopenko I Absher D Albrecht E 《Nature》2010,467(7317):832-838
Most common human traits and diseases have a polygenic pattern of inheritance: DNA sequence variants at many genetic loci influence the phenotype. Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have identified more than 600 variants associated with human traits, but these typically explain small fractions of phenotypic variation, raising questions about the use of further studies. Here, using 183,727 individuals, we show that hundreds of genetic variants, in at least 180 loci, influence adult height, a highly heritable and classic polygenic trait. The large number of loci reveals patterns with important implications for genetic studies of common human diseases and traits. First, the 180 loci are not random, but instead are enriched for genes that are connected in biological pathways (P = 0.016) and that underlie skeletal growth defects (P?0.001). Second, the likely causal gene is often located near the most strongly associated variant: in 13 of 21 loci containing a known skeletal growth gene, that gene was closest to the associated variant. Third, at least 19 loci have multiple independently associated variants, suggesting that allelic heterogeneity is a frequent feature of polygenic traits, that comprehensive explorations of already-discovered loci should discover additional variants and that an appreciable fraction of associated loci may have been identified. Fourth, associated variants are enriched for likely functional effects on genes, being over-represented among variants that alter amino-acid structure of proteins and expression levels of nearby genes. Our data explain approximately 10% of the phenotypic variation in height, and we estimate that unidentified common variants of similar effect sizes would increase this figure to approximately 16% of phenotypic variation (approximately 20% of heritable variation). Although additional approaches are needed to dissect the genetic architecture of polygenic human traits fully, our findings indicate that GWA studies can identify large numbers of loci that implicate biologically relevant genes and pathways. 相似文献
988.
The influence of aging on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu-11.6wt%Al-3.9wt%Ni-2.5wt%Mn shape memory alloy (SMA) was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffractometer, and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Experimental results show that bainite, γ2, and α phase precipitates occur with the aging effect in the alloy. After aging at 300dgC, the bainitic precipitates appear at the early stages of aging, while the precipitates of γ2 phase are observed for a longer aging time. When the aging temperature increases, the bainite gradually evolves into γ2 phase and equilibrium α phase (bcc) precipitates from the remaining parent phase. Thus, the bainite, γ2, and α phases appear, while the martensite phase disappears progressively in the alloy. The bainitic precipitates decrease the reverse transformation temperature while the γ2 phase precipitates increase these temperatures with a decrease of solute content in the retained parent phase. On the other hand, these precipitations cause an increasing in hardness of the alloy. 相似文献
989.
Vinko SM Ciricosta O Cho BI Engelhorn K Chung HK Brown CR Burian T Chalupský J Falcone RW Graves C Hájková V Higginbotham A Juha L Krzywinski J Lee HJ Messerschmidt M Murphy CD Ping Y Scherz A Schlotter W Toleikis S Turner JJ Vysin L Wang T Wu B Zastrau U Zhu D Lee RW Heimann PA Nagler B Wark JS 《Nature》2012,482(7383):59-62
Matter with a high energy density (>10(5)?joules per cm(3)) is prevalent throughout the Universe, being present in all types of stars and towards the centre of the giant planets; it is also relevant for inertial confinement fusion. Its thermodynamic and transport properties are challenging to measure, requiring the creation of sufficiently long-lived samples at homogeneous temperatures and densities. With the advent of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) X-ray laser, high-intensity radiation (>10(17)?watts per cm(2), previously the domain of optical lasers) can be produced at X-ray wavelengths. The interaction of single atoms with such intense X-rays has recently been investigated. An understanding of the contrasting case of intense X-ray interaction with dense systems is important from a fundamental viewpoint and for applications. Here we report the experimental creation of a solid-density plasma at temperatures in excess of 10(6) kelvin on inertial-confinement timescales using an X-ray free-electron laser. We discuss the pertinent physics of the intense X-ray-matter interactions, and illustrate the importance of electron-ion collisions. Detailed simulations of the interaction process conducted with a radiative-collisional code show good qualitative agreement with the experimental results. We obtain insights into the evolution of the charge state distribution of the system, the electron density and temperature, and the timescales of collisional processes. Our results should inform future high-intensity X-ray experiments involving dense samples, such as X-ray diffractive imaging of biological systems, material science investigations, and the study of matter in extreme conditions. 相似文献
990.