Resource Search in Unstructured Peer-to-Peer System Based on Multiple-Tree Overlay Structure

We propose a multiple-tree overlay structure for resource discovery in unstructured P2P systems. Peers that have similar interests or hold similar type of resources will be grouped into a tree-like cluster. We exploit the heterogeneity of peers in each cluster by connecting peers with more capacities closer to the root of the tree. The capacity of a peer can be defined in different ways （e.g. higher network bandwidth, larger disk space, more data items of a certain type etc.） according to different needs of users or applications.     

Resolution for Conflicts of Inter-Operation in Multi-Domain Environment

This paper proposes a method to formalize the interoperation in multi-domain environment. Through employing the algebra method, we conclude four types of the conflicts for the interoperation, and analyzes the cause of the policy conflicts. For each type of conflicts, we formalize it and proposes the method of detection and resolution. Finally, the method is illuminated be effective through comparing our work with others.     

Preparation of 3-D porous fibroin scaffolds by freeze drying with treatment of methanol solutions

In this study, silk scaffolds with appropriate porous structures were prepared by adjusting solution concentrations and providing treatment with methanol solutions in the way of freeze drying. The effects of the preparation conditions on the microstructures and properties of the scaffolds were discussed. Fibroin solutions with different concentrations of 4, 6, 8, 10 wt% were used respectively to prepare the scaffolds. The effects of the addition of 20 vol% methanol before or after freeze drying to the 4 wt% fibroin solution were investigated. As demonstrated by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), the fib-roin scaffolds prepared without methanol had porous microstructures composed of thin sheets, and the sizes of the pores decreased with the increase of the fibroin solution concentrations, while the scaffolds prepared in the presence of methanol showed porous microstructures formed by fine-particle aggregates. The porosities and mechanical properties of the prepared fibroin scaffolds under different conditions were tested. The crystalline structures and conformations of the fibroin scaffolds were detected by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).     

The orbital scale evolution of regional climate recorded in a long sediment core from Heqing, China

Based on the analysis of carbonate content and loss on ignition for a long sediment core (737 m in length) drilled in Heqing, the orbital scale evolution of the Southwest Monsoon is revealed, by using overlapped spectral analysis and filter methods. It is shown that the obliquity cycle and precession cycle are the key factors for the Southwest Monsoon evolution and that the change of the global ice volume and the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau also impose great influences on it.     

A tubular focused sonochemistry reactor

This paper presents a new sonochemistry reactor, which consists of a cylindrical tube with a certain length and piezoelectric transducers at tube’s end with the longitudinal vibration. The tube can effectively transform the longitudinal vibration into the radial vibration and thereby generates ultrasound. Furthermore, ultrasound can be focused to form high-intensity ultrasonic field inside tube. The reactor boasts of simple structure and its whole vessel wall can radiate ultrasound so that the electroacoustic transfer efficiency is high. The focused ultrasonic field provides good condition for sonochemical reaction. The length of the reactor can be up to 2 meters, and liquids can pass through it continuously, so it can be widely applied in liquid processing such as sonochemistry.     

Preparation of MCM-41-supported chiral Salen Mn （Ⅲ） catalysts and their catalytic properties in the asymmetric epoxidation of olefins

A secondary amino-modified mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41 was obtained by reaction of bis(3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl)amine with MCM-41. The chiral Salen-Mn (III) complex was anchored onto the modified MCM-41 by a multi-step grafting method and two heterogenized catalysts with different Mn contents were obtained. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption, ICP, FT-IR and DR UV-Vis. Their catalysis on asymmetric epoxidation of several olefins was studied with NaClO and m-CPBA as oxidants respectively. It was found that both the activity and enantioselectivity of the cata- lysts decreased after the homogeneous catalyst was heterogenized. The reasons resulting in the de- crease of catalytic performance were discussed.     

Impact of dissolved humic acid on the bioavailability of acenaphthene and chrysene assessed by membrane-based passive samplers

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is known to reduce the bioavailability of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in aqueous environments. This reduction occurs as a result of adsorption to DOC, apparently reducing the freely dissolved concentration of HOCs. In the present study, triolein-embedded cellulose acetate membrane (TECAM) and Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were used to measure the uptake of acenaphthene and chrysene in the presence of commercial humic acid (HA) at different concentrations (0―15 mg C·L-1) under controlled laboratory conditions. Apparent uptake rate constants for PAHs in TECAM and medaka were compared and DOC-water partition coefficients (KDOCs) of two PAHs were calculated with different sampling methods by model fit. Results showed that HA present in water significantly reduced the uptake of PAHs in TECAM and medaka. The obtained values of log KDOC of acenaphthene and chrysene measured by TECAM were 4.63 and 5.83, respectively, whereas biologically determined values were 4.52 and 5.76, respectively. These log KDOC values were comparable to earlier published KDOCs toward commercial HA, thereby indicating that TECAM accumulated only the freely dissolved fraction of chemicals and uptake PAHs in a manner similar to that of fish. All these results suggested that the TECAM method can provide a good means for assessing the impact of DOC on bioavailability of PAHs in the aqueous environment.     

Astronomically modulated late Pliocene equatorial Pacific climate transition and Northern Hemisphere ice sheet expansion

The equatorial Pacific underwent a significant climate transition during the late Pliocene, which is characterized by cooling of global sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and formation of a marked SST gradient between the eastern and western equatorial Pacific. Moreover, this transition was nearly synchronous with the late Pliocene Northern Hemisphere glaciation. Probing the relationship among solar insolation, low and high latitude processes is the key to unravel the mechanism of this climate transition. A se...     

Precorrected-FFT method for EM scattering from composite metallic-dielectric objects

The volume-surface integral equation(VSIE) ,the surface integral equation(SIE) and the volume integral equation(VIE) of EM scattering problem are converted into linear equations with the method of moment,then the precorrected-FFT method is used to solve the linear equations.To overcome the drawback of conventional stencil topology,two kinds of improved stencil topology,stencil topology B and stencil topology C,are presented,and the construction and actual performance of the three kinds of stencil topology a...     

A DNA length reducing computing model for maximum independent set problem

In this paper, a new molecular computing model is developed to solve the maximum independent set problem, based on the method of DNA length reducing. To solve the maximum independent set problem with n-vertices and m-edges, the time complexity is O(n+m). With the enlargement of the problem scale, the numbers of the required tubes will increase linearly. Two important methods in this experiment are single strand DNA (ssDNA) circularization and DNA length reducing. In addition, using reverse polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and circligase, the structure of DNA molecules is changed in each computing step, transforming from linear double strand DNA (dsDNA) to linear ssDNA and circular ssDNA. Using the circular DNA structure, the recombina-tion among DNA molecules is avoided. To verify this computing model, a small maximum independent set problem was solved.