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排序方式: 共有322条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
102.
A Rad26-Def1 complex coordinates repair and RNA pol II proteolysis in response to DNA damage 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Woudstra EC Gilbert C Fellows J Jansen L Brouwer J Erdjument-Bromage H Tempst P Svejstrup JQ 《Nature》2002,415(6874):929-933
103.
Progress and challenges for malaria vaccines 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
Malaria causes much physical and economic hardship in tropical regions, particularly in communities where medical care is rudimentary. Should a vaccine be developed, it is the residents of these areas that stand to benefit the most. But the vaccine, which has been promised to be 'just round the corner' for many years, remains elusive. It is important to ask why this is so, when effective vaccines exist for many other infectious diseases. What are the reasons for the slow rate of progress, and what has been learned from the first clinical trials of candidate malaria vaccines? What are the remaining challenges, and what strategies can be pursued to address them? 相似文献
104.
105.
We give an overview of the main data of a publication-citation matrix. We show how impact factors are defined, and, in particular, point out the difference between the synchronous and the diachronous impact factor. The advantages and disadvantages of using both as tools in research evaluation are discussed. 相似文献
106.
多伦多地区温度与臭氧剖面的激光雷达与SAGEⅡ卫星测量结果比较分析(Ⅰ) 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
对加拿大多伦多地区SAGEⅡ卫星及激光雷达探测资料,对2种观测系统所获得的大气温度及臭氧垂直分布进行了比较分析.结果表明①由2种观测系统测量的温度廓线有很好的一致性,特别是在15.5~35.5*!km的垂直区间;②在15.5~40.5*!km的垂直区间,2种观测系统的臭氧混合比的绝对误差的变化范围体积分数是±2×10-6;③大约35*!km以下,由激光雷达获得的臭氧数密度具有较高的精度,反之类推.特别,在包括臭氧数密度极大值层的21.5~35.5*!km范围内,8个剖面平均的相对误差趋于零,其垂直平均值为0.96±7.64%(1σ). 相似文献
107.
Sixteen study sites were established in grazed and ungrazed stands of winterfat in Kane County, Utah. The area is located within the winter range of cattle and along U.S. Highway 89 between Kanab, Utah, and Page, Arizona. Road construction in 1957 dissected several winterfat communities, and following fencing part of the communities were released from grazing. Differences in species composition, vegetation, and soil characteristics between grazed and ungrazed sites were assessed. Major differences in site characteristics appeared due to the influence of winter grazing by cattle. Winterfat and Indian ricegrass showed increased cover on the nongrazed sites following release from grazing pressure. Winterfat also showed significant negative interspecific association patterns with all major species. 相似文献
108.
109.
Chronological evidence that the Moon is either young or did not have a global magma ocean 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Chemical evolution of planetary bodies, ranging from asteroids to the large rocky planets, is thought to begin with differentiation through solidification of magma oceans many hundreds of kilometres in depth. The Earth's Moon is the archetypical example of this type of differentiation. Evidence for a lunar magma ocean is derived largely from the widespread distribution, compositional and mineralogical characteristics, and ancient ages inferred for the ferroan anorthosite (FAN) suite of lunar crustal rocks. The FANs are considered to be primary lunar flotation-cumulate crust that crystallized in the latter stages of magma ocean solidification. According to this theory, FANs represent the oldest lunar crustal rock type. Attempts to date this rock suite have yielded ambiguous results, however, because individual isochron measurements are typically incompatible with the geochemical make-up of the samples, and have not been confirmed by additional isotopic systems. By making improvements to the standard isotopic techniques, we report here the age of crystallization of FAN 60025 using the (207)Pb-(206)Pb, (147)Sm-(143)Nd and (146)Sm-(142)Nd isotopic systems to be 4,360?±?3 million years. This extraordinarily young age requires that either the Moon solidified significantly later than most previous estimates or the long-held assumption that FANs are flotation cumulates of a primordial magma ocean is incorrect. If the latter is correct, then much of the lunar crust may have been produced by non-magma-ocean processes, such as serial magmatism. 相似文献
110.
Chapman HN Fromme P Barty A White TA Kirian RA Aquila A Hunter MS Schulz J DePonte DP Weierstall U Doak RB Maia FR Martin AV Schlichting I Lomb L Coppola N Shoeman RL Epp SW Hartmann R Rolles D Rudenko A Foucar L Kimmel N Weidenspointner G Holl P Liang M Barthelmess M Caleman C Boutet S Bogan MJ Krzywinski J Bostedt C Bajt S Gumprecht L Rudek B Erk B Schmidt C Hömke A Reich C Pietschner D Strüder L Hauser G Gorke H Ullrich J Herrmann S Schaller G Schopper F Soltau H Kühnel KU Messerschmidt M 《Nature》2011,470(7332):73-77
X-ray crystallography provides the vast majority of macromolecular structures, but the success of the method relies on growing crystals of sufficient size. In conventional measurements, the necessary increase in X-ray dose to record data from crystals that are too small leads to extensive damage before a diffraction signal can be recorded. It is particularly challenging to obtain large, well-diffracting crystals of membrane proteins, for which fewer than 300 unique structures have been determined despite their importance in all living cells. Here we present a method for structure determination where single-crystal X-ray diffraction 'snapshots' are collected from a fully hydrated stream of nanocrystals using femtosecond pulses from a hard-X-ray free-electron laser, the Linac Coherent Light Source. We prove this concept with nanocrystals of photosystem I, one of the largest membrane protein complexes. More than 3,000,000 diffraction patterns were collected in this study, and a three-dimensional data set was assembled from individual photosystem I nanocrystals (~200?nm to 2?μm in size). We mitigate the problem of radiation damage in crystallography by using pulses briefer than the timescale of most damage processes. This offers a new approach to structure determination of macromolecules that do not yield crystals of sufficient size for studies using conventional radiation sources or are particularly sensitive to radiation damage. 相似文献